Shloka 24

दर्पो द्वेषोतिवादश्न एते प्रोक्ता रजोगुणा: । तामसानां तु संघातं प्रवक्ष्याम्युपधार्यताम्‌,रूप, ऐश्वर्य, विग्रह, त्यागकका अभाव, करुणाका अभाव, दुःख-सुखका उपभोग, परनिन्दामें प्रीति, वाद-विवाद करना, अहंकार, माननीय पुरुषोंका सत्कार न करना, चिन्ता, वैरभाव रखना, संताप करना, दूसरोंका धन हड़प लेना, निर्लज्जता, कुटिलता, भेदबुद्धि, कठोरता, काम, क्रोध, मद, दर्द, द्वेष और बहुत बोलनेका स्वभाव--यह रजोगुणका समूह है। ये सारे भाव रजोगुणके कार्य बताये गये हैं। अब मैं तामस भावोंके समूहका परिचय देता हूँ, ध्यान देकर सुनो

darpo dveṣo ’tivādaś ca ete proktā rajo-guṇāḥ | tāmasānāṃ tu saṃghātaṃ pravakṣyāmy upadhāryatām ||

Yājñavalkya said: “Pride, hatred, and contentious over-argument—these are declared to belong to the quality of rajas. Now I shall set forth the whole collection of tamasic dispositions; listen with careful attention.”

दर्पःpride, arrogance
दर्पः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदर्प
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्वेषःhatred
द्वेषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्वेष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अतिवादःexcessive talk, contentious speech
अतिवादः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअतिवाद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रोक्ताःsaid, declared
प्रोक्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-वच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
रजोगुणाःqualities of rajas (passion)
रजोगुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरजोगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तामसानाम्of the tamasic (qualities/people)
तामसानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतामस
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
तुbut, however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
संघातम्collection, aggregate
संघातम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंघात
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रवक्ष्यामिI shall explain/tell
प्रवक्ष्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-वच्
FormSimple Future (लृट्), First, Singular, Parasmaipada
उपधार्यताम्let it be attended to/considered
उपधार्यताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-धृ
FormImperative (लोट्), Third, Singular, Passive

याज़्वल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
R
rajas (rajo-guṇa)
T
tamas (tāmasa)

Educational Q&A

The verse classifies certain harmful mental and behavioral tendencies—pride, hatred, and argumentative contentiousness—as expressions of rajas, and prepares the listener for a systematic description of tamasic traits, encouraging attentive self-examination.

In the didactic discourse of Śānti Parva, the sage Yājñavalkya is instructing his audience on the guṇas. Having identified examples of rajas, he transitions to explaining the aggregate of tamasic dispositions.