Shloka 42
Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)
Devanagari script
वासं कुलेषु जन्तूनां दुःखं विज्ञाय भारत । ब्रह्मघ्नानां गति ज्ञात्वा पतितानां सुदारुणाम्,भरतनन्दन प्राणियोंका घरोंमें निवास करना भी दुःखरूप ही है, इस बातको अच्छी तरह समझे तथा ब्रह्मघाती और पतित मनुष्योंकी जो अत्यन्त भयंकर दुर्गति होती है, उसको भी जाने
Translation
Bhishma said: “O Bharata, understand well that even the dwelling of creatures within families and households is itself a form of suffering. And know too the exceedingly dreadful downfall that awaits those who commit brahma-hatya (the slaying of a Brahmin) and those who have fallen away from dharma.”
Word by Word
वासम्dwelling, residence
वासम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवास (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुलेषुin families/households
कुलेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकुल (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
जन्तूनाम्of creatures/living beings
जन्तूनाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
दुःखम्sorrow, suffering
दुःखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विज्ञायhaving known/understood
विज्ञाय:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-ज्ञा (धातु)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
ब्रह्मघ्नानाम्of Brahmin-slayers
ब्रह्मघ्नानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मघ्न (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
गतिम्course, destiny, state
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा (धातु)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
पतितानाम्of the fallen
पतितानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootपतित (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सुदारुणाम्very dreadful/terrible
सुदारुणाम्:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदारुण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
भरतनन्दनO delight of Bharata
भरतनन्दन:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतनन्दन (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes