Shloka 16

पितामहपुरोगाश्च सर्वे देवगणास्तथा । ऋषयश्च महाभागास्तद्‌ युद्ध द्र्ठमागमन्‌,भरतभूषण महाराज! ब्रह्मा आदि समस्त देवता, महाभाग ऋषि, सिद्धगण तथा अप्सराओंसहित गन्धर्व--ये सबके सब श्रेष्ठ विमानोंपर आरूढ़ हो उस अद्भुत युद्धका दृश्य देखनेके लिये वहाँ आ गये थे

pitāmaha-purogāś ca sarve deva-gaṇās tathā | ṛṣayaś ca mahā-bhāgās tad yuddhaṃ draṣṭum āgaman |

Bhīṣma said: Led by the Grandsire (Brahmā), all the hosts of gods, and the greatly fortunate sages came there to behold that battle. Mounted on excellent aerial cars, the Siddhas and the Gandharvas—together with the Apsarases—also arrived, drawn by the wonder of the combat. The scene underscores how a war driven by dharma and adharma becomes a spectacle even for the celestial world, inviting reflection on the moral weight of human action.

पितामहपुरोगाःhaving the Grandsire (Brahmā) in front / led by the Grandsire
पितामहपुरोगाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपितामहपुरोग (पितामह + पुरोग)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
देवगणाःgroups of gods
देवगणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेवगण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाlikewise / also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
ऋषयःsages
ऋषयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महाभागाःgreatly fortunate / illustrious
महाभागाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाभाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
युद्धम्battle
युद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
द्रष्टुम्to see
द्रष्टुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormTumun (infinitive)
आगमन्came
आगमन्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + गम्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Brahmā (Pitāmaha)
D
Devas
Ṛṣis
S
Siddhas
G
Gandharvas
A
Apsarases
V
Vimānas (aerial cars)

Educational Q&A

Actions in war are not merely personal or political; they carry dharmic and cosmic significance. The presence of gods and sages as witnesses highlights the moral gravity of conflict and the accountability of those who fight.

Bhīṣma describes how Brahmā, the gods, and great sages—along with Siddhas, Gandharvas, and Apsarases—arrive in celestial vehicles to watch the extraordinary battle.