Shloka 14
महाभूत–इन्द्रिय–मनस्–बुद्धि–अन्तरात्मा विवेकः | Discrimination of Elements, Senses, Mind, Intellect, and Inner Self
एताश्षान्याश्व विविधा दीक्षास्तेषां मनीषिणाम्,उन मनीषी पुरुषोंके लिये ये तथा और भी बहुत-से नाना प्रकारके नियम शास्त्रोंमें बताये गये हैं। चौथे संन्यास-आश्रममें विहित जो उपनिषद्-प्रतिपादित शाम, दम, उपरति, तितिक्षा और समाधानरूप धर्म है, वह सभी आश्रमोंके लिये साधारण माना गया है, उसका पालन सभी आश्रमवालोंको करना चाहिये; किंतु चौथे आश्रम संन्यासका जो विशेष धर्म है, वह वानप्रस्थ और गृहस्थसे भिन्न है
etāś cānyāś ca vividhā dīkṣās teṣāṃ manīṣiṇām | caturthe saṃnyāsāśrame vihito yo 'paniṣat-pratipāditaḥ śama-damoparati-titikṣā-samādhāna-rūpo dharmaḥ sa sarvāśramāṇāṃ sādhāraṇaḥ smṛtaḥ | tasya pālanaṃ sarvāśramibhiḥ kartavyam | kintu caturthāśramasya saṃnyāsasya yo viśeṣa-dharmaḥ sa vānaprastha-gṛhasthābhyāṃ bhinnaḥ ||
Vyāsa said: “For reflective sages, the scriptures describe these and many other diverse disciplines and observances. Yet the Upaniṣads enjoin, especially for the fourth stage of life—renunciation (saṃnyāsa)—a dharma consisting of tranquility of mind (śama), self-restraint (dama), withdrawal (uparati), forbearance (titikṣā), and steady concentration (samādhāna). These virtues are held to be common to all the āśramas and therefore should be practiced in every stage of life; but the distinctive dharma of the fourth āśrama differs from that of the householder and the forest-dweller (vānaprastha).”
व्यास उवाच
Educational Q&A
The passage distinguishes between (1) virtues that are universal across all four āśramas—śama, dama, uparati, titikṣā, and samādhāna—and (2) the special, distinctive duties of formal renunciation (saṃnyāsa), which differ from the duties of householders and forest-dwellers.
In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Vyāsa explains that scriptures prescribe many disciplines for the wise, then emphasizes that certain Upaniṣadic inner virtues are obligatory for everyone, while the renunciant’s specific code of life remains unique to the fourth āśrama.