Shloka 32
Gṛhastha-vṛtti and Niyama: Models of Householder Livelihood and Discipline (गृहस्थवृत्ति-नियमाः)
धर्म करोमीति करोत्यधर्म- मधर्मकामश्न करोति धर्मम् | उभे बाल: कर्मणी न प्रजानन् स जायते म्रियते चापि देही,जो मूढ़ है, वह धर्मकी इच्छा रखकर भी अधर्म करता है अथवा शोकमग्न-सा होकर अधर्मतुल्य धर्मका सम्पादन करता है। मूर्ख या अविवेकी मनुष्य न जाननेके कारण “मैं धर्म कर रहा हूँ” ऐसा समझकर अधर्म करता है और अधर्मकी इच्छा रखकर धर्म करता है, इस प्रकार अज्ञानपूर्वक दोनों तरहके कर्म करनेवाला देहधारी मनुष्य बारंबार जन्म लेता और मरता है
dharmaṃ karomīti karoty adharmaṃ dharmakāmaś ca karoti dharmam | ubhe bālaḥ karmaṇī na prajānann sa jāyate mriyate cāpi dehī ||
Vyāsa said: A deluded person, thinking, “I am performing dharma,” may in fact commit adharma; and even one who longs for dharma may, through confusion and grief, end up doing what is contrary to it. Not truly understanding either of the two kinds of action, the childish and undiscerning embodied being acts in ignorance—sometimes calling adharma ‘dharma’ and sometimes producing dharma while intending adharma—and thus continues to be born and to die again and again.
व्यास उवाच
Educational Q&A
Without discernment, a person can mislabel actions—doing adharma while believing it to be dharma, or producing dharma while intending adharma. Such ignorance-bound action sustains saṃsāra, leading to repeated birth and death.
In Śānti Parva’s instruction on right conduct and liberation-oriented ethics, Vyāsa explains to the listener that moral intention alone is insufficient; clear understanding of dharma is required, otherwise one remains trapped in the cycle of rebirth.