Shloka 28
तप: परं कृतयुगे त्रेतायां ज्ञानमुत्तमम् । द्वापरे यज्ञमेवाहुर्दानमेक॑ कलौ युगे,सत्ययुगमें तपस्याको ही सबसे बड़ा धर्म माना गया है। त्रेतामें ज्ञानको ही उत्तम बताया गया है। द्वापरमें यज्ञ और कलियुगमें एकमात्र दान ही श्रेष्ठ कहा गया है
tapaḥ paraṁ kṛtayuge tretāyāṁ jñānam uttamam | dvāpare yajñam evāhur dānam ekaṁ kalau yuge ||
Vyāsa explains that the foremost spiritual discipline changes with the character of each age: in the Kṛta (Satya) Yuga, austerity and self-restraint are held to be supreme; in the Tretā Yuga, true knowledge is praised as the highest; in the Dvāpara Yuga, sacrificial worship (yajña) is declared the principal path; and in the Kali Yuga, giving—dāna, charity offered in the spirit of dharma—is taught as the single best practice. The verse frames dharma as one in aim but adapted in method to the capacities and conditions of different times.
व्यास उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse teaches yuga-dharma: while the goal of dharma remains constant, the most effective or emphasized practice differs by age—tapas in Kṛta, jñāna in Tretā, yajña in Dvāpara, and dāna in Kali—reflecting changing human capacity and social conditions.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous living and social order, Vyāsa states a traditional classification of the principal religious practice for each yuga, guiding listeners toward an appropriate path for their time—especially highlighting charity as the accessible excellence in Kali Yuga.