Shloka 46

Gārhasthya-Śreṣṭhatā and Kṣatriya-Daṇḍadhāraṇa

Householder Primacy and the Royal Duty of Punishment

Devanagari script

एष धर्म: क्षत्रियाणां प्रजानां परिपालनम्‌ । उत्पथो<न्यो महाराज मा सम शोके मन: कृथा:

Transliteration

eṣa dharmaḥ kṣatriyāṇāṃ prajānāṃ paripālanam | utpatho 'nyo mahārāja mā sma śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ ||

Translation

Vyāsa said: “This is the dharma of kṣatriyas: the protection and governance of the people. Any other course is a deviation from the right path, O great king. Therefore do not let your mind be fashioned into grief.”

Word by Word

• एषः: this
• एषः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• धर्मः: duty; dharma
• धर्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• क्षत्रियाणाम्: of the Kshatriyas
• क्षत्रियाणाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षत्रिय
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• प्रजानाम्: of the subjects/people
• प्रजानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजा
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Plural

• परिपालनम्: protection; governance (lit. guarding all around)
• परिपालनम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: परि-पालन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• उत्पथः: a wrong path; deviation
• उत्पथः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उत्पथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अन्यः: another; different
• अन्यः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महाराज: O great king
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• मा: do not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा

• सम: excessively; wholly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम

• शोके: in grief
• शोके: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शोक
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• मनः: mind
• मनः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• कृथाः: make; do
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: Imperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Mahārāja (the addressed king)
• Kṣatriyas
• Prajā (subjects/people)