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Shloka 13

Brāhmaṇa-kṛtya, Āśrama-niyama, and Dāna-prasaṃsā

Duties of the Brāhmaṇa, āśrama discipline, and praise of giving

पययिह्न्यमानानामभियोक्ता न विद्यते | दुःखमेतत्‌ तु यद्‌ द्वेष्टा कर्ताहमिति मन्यते,कालक्रमसे प्राप्त होनेवाले सुख-दु:खोंद्वारा जो लोग आहत होते हैं, उनके उस दुःखके लिये दूसरा कोई दोषी या अपराधी नहीं है। दुःख पानेका कारण तो यह है कि पुरुष वर्तमान दुःखसे द्वेष करके अपनेको उसका कर्ता मान बैठता है

paryāyihnyamānānām abhiyoktā na vidyate | duḥkham etat tu yad dveṣṭā kartāham iti manyate ||

Bhishma said: “For those who are struck again and again by pleasures and pains that arrive in due course of time, there is no other accuser—no external culprit to blame. The real sorrow lies here: a person, hating the present pain, imagines, ‘I am the doer (of this suffering),’ and thus binds himself to distress through aversion and false agency.”

पययिह्न्यमानानाम्of those being afflicted/struck
पययिह्न्यमानानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपययिह्न्यमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; धातु-अनिश्चित/पाठभेद)
FormMasculine/Neuter (contextual), Genitive, Plural
अभियोक्ताaccuser; one who charges (a culprit)
अभियोक्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअभियोक्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विद्यतेexists; is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (विद्/विद्-धातु; अस्तित्वे ‘विद्यते’)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
दुःखम्sorrow; suffering
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तुbut; indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यत्that which; because
यत्:
TypePronoun/Indeclinable (relative)
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative (contextual), Singular
द्वेष्टाhater; one who feels aversion
द्वेष्टा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्वेष्टृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कर्ताdoer; agent
कर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus; ‘…’ (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
मन्यतेthinks; considers
मन्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (मन्यते)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma