Shloka 12
मनुरुवाच — इन्द्रिय-मनः-ज्ञान-क्रमः
Manu on the hierarchy of senses, mind, and knowledge
एष प्रवर्तको यज्ञो निवर्तकमथो शृणु । यथा निवर्तते कर्म जपतो ब्रह्मचारिण:,सत्य, अग्निहोत्र, एकान्तसेवन, ध्यान तपस्या, दम, क्षमा, अनसूया, मिताहार, विषयोंका संकोच, मितभाषण तथा शम--यह प्रवर्तक यज्ञ है। अब निवर्तक यज्ञका वर्णन सुनो; जिसके अनुसार जप करनेवाले ब्रह्मचारी साधकके सारे कर्म निवृत्त हो जाते हैं (अर्थात् उसे मोक्ष प्राप्त हो जाता है) युधिषछ्िर उवाच अनिवृत्तं परं यत्तदव्यक्तं ब्रह्मणि स्थितम् । तद्भूतो जापकः कस्मात् स शरीरमिहाविशेत्
bhīṣma uvāca |
eṣa pravartako yajño nivartakam atho śṛṇu |
yathā nivartate karma japato brahmacāriṇaḥ ||
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |
anivṛttaṃ paraṃ yat tad avyaktaṃ brahmaṇi sthitam |
tad-bhūto jāpakaḥ kasmāt sa śarīram ihāviśet ||
Bhishma said: “This is the ‘activating’ sacrifice (pravartaka-yajña); now listen to the ‘withdrawing’ sacrifice (nivartaka-yajña), by whose method the actions of a brahmacārin devoted to japa come to cessation.” Yudhishthira said: “That supreme reality which is un-withdrawn, unmanifest (avyakta), and established in Brahman—if the practitioner of japa becomes one with That, why would he enter a body here again?”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The passage contrasts two modes of ‘yajña’ understood as spiritual discipline: one that initiates and purifies practice (pravartaka), and another that culminates in withdrawal from action and bondage (nivartaka), where karma is said to cease for the japa-focused brahmacārin—pointing toward liberation.
Bhishma continues his instruction to Yudhishthira on liberation-oriented disciplines, introducing the idea of a ‘withdrawing sacrifice’ that ends karmic activity. Yudhishthira then presses a philosophical doubt: if the japa practitioner becomes established in the unmanifest Brahman, why would such a realized person return to embodied life at all?