Shloka 3

परिव्राजकानां पुनराचार:--तद्यथा विमुच्याग्नि-धनकलत्रपरिबर्हणं संगेष्वात्मन: स्नेहपाशानवधूय.._ परिव्रजन्ति | समलोष्टाश्मकाज्चनाल्त्रिवर्गप्रवृत्तेष्व- सक्तबुद्धयो5रिमित्रोदासीनानां तुल्यदर्शना: स्थावर-जरायुजाण्डजस्वेदजोद्/धिज्जानां भूतानां बाड्मन:-कर्मभिरनभिद्रोहिणो $निकेता: पर्वतपुलिनवृक्षमूल देवतायतनान्यनुचरन्तो वासार्थमुपेयुर्नगरं ग्राम॑ं वा नगरे पडउ्चरात्रिका: ग्रामे चैकरात्रिका: प्रविश्य च प्राणधारणार्थ द्विजातीनां भवनान्यसंकीर्णकर्मणामुपतिष्ठेयु: पात्रपतितायाचितमभै क्ष्या: कामक्रो धदर्प- लोभमोहकार्पण्यदम्भपरिवादाभिमानहिंसानिवृत्ता इति,अब संन्यासियोंका आचरण बतलाया जाता है। वह इस प्रकार है--इसमें प्रवेश करनेवाले पुरुष अग्निहोत्र, धन, स्त्री आदि परिवार तथा घरकी सारी सामग्रीका परित्याग करके भोगों और संगोंके प्रति अपनी आसक्तिके बन्धनोंको तोड़कर सदाके लिये घरसे बाहर निकल जाते हैं। ढेले, पत्थर और सुवर्णको समान समझते हैं। धर्म, अर्थ और कामसम्बन्धी प्रवृत्तियोंमें उनकी बुद्धि आसक्त नहीं होती। शत्रु, मित्र और उदासीन--सबके प्रति वे समान दृष्टि रखते हैं। स्थावर, पिण्डज, अण्डज, स्वेदज और उद्भिज्ज प्राणियोंके प्रति मन, वाणी और कियाओंद्वारा कभी द्रोह नहीं करते हैं, कुटी या मठ बनाकर नहीं रहते हैं। उन्हें चाहिये कि चारों ओर विचरते रहें तथा रात्रिमें ठहरनेके लिये पर्वतकी गुफा, नदीका किनारा, वृक्षकी जड़, देवमन्दिर, नगर अथवा गाँवमें चले जाया करें। नगरमें पाँच रात्रि और गाँवमें एक रातसे अधिक न ठहरें। प्राणधारणके लिये अपने विशुद्ध धर्मोका पालन करनेवाले ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय और वैश्य--इन द्विजातियोंके ऐसे घरोंपर जाकर खड़े हो जाये, जहाँ संकीर्णता न हो। बिना माँगे ही पात्रमें जितनी भिक्षा आ जाय, उतनी ही स्वीकार करें। काम, क्रोध, दर्प, लोभ, मोह, कृपणता, दम्भ, निन्‍्दा, अभिमान तथा हिंसासे सर्वथा दूर रहें

bharadvāja uvāca | parivrājakānāṃ punar ācāraḥ—tadyathā vimucyāgni-dhana-kalatra-paribarhaṇaṃ saṅgeṣv ātmanaḥ sneha-pāśān avadhūya parivrajanti | sama-loṣṭāśma-kāñcanāḥ trivarga-pravṛtteṣv asakta-buddhayo 'ri-mitrodāsīnānāṃ tulya-darśanāḥ sthāvara-jarāyuja-aṇḍaja-svedaja-udbhijjānāṃ bhūtānāṃ vāk-manaḥ-karmabhir anabhidrohiṇo 'niketāḥ | parvata-pulina-vṛkṣa-mūla-devatāyatanāny anucaranto vāsārtham upeyur nagaraṃ grāmaṃ vā | nagare pañca-rātrikāḥ grāme caika-rātrikāḥ | praviśya ca prāṇa-dhāraṇārthaṃ dvijātīnāṃ bhavanāny asaṅkīrṇa-karmaṇām upatiṣṭheyur | pātra-patitāyācitam abhaikṣyāḥ | kāma-krodha-darpa-lobha-moha-kārpaṇya-dambha-parivāda-abhimāna-hiṃsā-nivṛttā iti |

Bharadvāja said: “Now the discipline of the wandering renunciants is described. Having abandoned the sacred fires, wealth, wife, and the whole apparatus of household life, they shake off the bonds of affection that tie the self to pleasures and social attachments, and they go forth as wanderers. To them clod, stone, and gold are the same. Their minds do not cling to pursuits of the three aims—dharma, artha, and kāma. They look with equal vision upon enemy, friend, and the indifferent. Toward all beings—immobile and those born from womb, egg, sweat, or sprout—they commit no harm by speech, mind, or deed. They are without a fixed abode, not establishing huts or monasteries. Moving about, they take shelter for the night in mountain caves, riverbanks, at the roots of trees, in temples, or in a town or village; in a town they stay no more than five nights, and in a village no more than one. For the mere support of life, they stand at the houses of the twice-born—Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas—whose conduct is pure and not mixed with improper occupations. They accept only such alms as fall into their bowl without solicitation. They remain wholly free from desire, anger, pride, greed, delusion, miserliness, hypocrisy, slander, arrogance, and violence.”

परिव्राजकानाम्of wandering mendicants
परिव्राजकानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपरिव्राजक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
पुनःagain / further
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
आचारःconduct
आचारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यथाas / in the following manner
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
विमुच्यhaving abandoned / having released
विमुच्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि+मुच्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada
अग्निsacred fire (agnihotra)
अग्नि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धनwealth
धन:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कलत्रwife
कलत्र:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकलत्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
परिबर्हणम्household equipment / belongings
परिबर्हणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपरिबर्हण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सङ्गेषुin attachments / associations
सङ्गेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसङ्ग
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
स्नेहaffection
स्नेह:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्नेह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पाशान्bonds / nooses
पाशान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अवधूयhaving shaken off
अवधूय:
TypeVerb
Rootअव+धू
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada
परिव्रजन्तिthey wander
परिव्रजन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि+व्रज्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
समequal-minded
सम:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोष्टclod (of earth)
लोष्ट:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोष्ट
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अश्मstone
अश्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
काञ्चनgold
काञ्चन:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाञ्चन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
त्रिवर्गthe three aims (dharma-artha-kama)
त्रिवर्ग:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिवर्ग
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
प्रवृत्तेषुin activities / pursuits
प्रवृत्तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र+वृत्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Locative, Plural
असक्तunattached
असक्त:
TypeAdjective
Rootअसक्त
Formक्त (PPP used adjectivally), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
बुद्धयःtheir minds / intellects
बुद्धयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
अरिof enemies
अरि:
TypeNoun
Rootअरि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
मित्रof friends
मित्र:
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
उदासीनानाम्of neutrals / indifferent persons
उदासीनानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootउदासीन
Formक्त (PPP used adjectivally), Masculine, Genitive, Plural
तुल्यequal
तुल्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootतुल्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दर्शनाःin outlook / vision
दर्शनाः:
TypeNoun
Rootदर्शन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्थावरof immobile beings
स्थावर:
TypeNoun
Rootस्थावर
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
जरायुजof womb-born beings
जरायुज:
TypeNoun
Rootजरायुज
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
अण्डजof egg-born beings
अण्डज:
TypeNoun
Rootअण्डज
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
स्वेदजof sweat/moisture-born beings
स्वेदज:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वेदज
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
उद्भिज्जानाम्of sprout-born beings (plants etc.)
उद्भिज्जानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootउद्भिज्ज
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
भूतानाम्of living beings
भूतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
वाक्by speech
वाक्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
मनःby mind
मनः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
कर्मभिःby actions
कर्मभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
अनभिद्रोहिणःnon-hostile / not injuring
अनभिद्रोहिणः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनभिद्रोहिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अनिकेताःwithout a fixed abode
अनिकेताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनिकेत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पर्वतmountain
पर्वत:
TypeNoun
Rootपर्वत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुलिनriver-bank / sandbank
पुलिन:
TypeNoun
Rootपुलिन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वृक्षtree
वृक्ष:
TypeNoun
Rootवृक्ष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मूलroot (base)
मूल:
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
देवताdeity
देवता:
TypeNoun
Rootदेवता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आयतनानिabodes / shrines
आयतनानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआयतन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
अनुचरन्तःfrequenting / moving about
अनुचरन्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु+चर्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
वासfor lodging
वास:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootवास
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
अर्थम्for the sake of
अर्थम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपेयुःthey should go / they went (injunctive sense in prose)
उपेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootउप+इ
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
नगरम्city
नगरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनगर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ग्रामम्village
ग्रामम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootग्राम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
नगरेin a city
नगरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनगर
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपञ्च
रात्रिकाःnights (as a stay-duration)
रात्रिकाः:
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रिका
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
ग्रामेin a village
ग्रामे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootग्राम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एकone
एक:
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
रात्रिकाnight (as a stay-duration)
रात्रिका:
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रिका
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रविश्यhaving entered
प्रविश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+विश्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्राणof life
प्राण:
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
धारणfor sustaining
धारण:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootधारण
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
अर्थम्for the sake of
अर्थम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
द्विजातीनाम्of the twice-born (Brahmin/Kshatriya/Vaishya)
द्विजातीनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजाति
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
भवनानिhouses
भवनानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभवन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
असंकीर्णunmixed / not impure / not confused
असंकीर्ण:
TypeAdjective
Rootअसंकीर्ण
Formक्त (PPP used adjectivally), Neuter, Genitive, Plural
कर्मणाम्of occupations / acts
कर्मणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
उपतिष्ठेयुःthey should approach / stand near
उपतिष्ठेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootउप+स्था
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
पात्रin the begging bowl
पात्र:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपात्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पतितfallen / obtained (that has come)
पतित:
TypeAdjective
Rootपतित
Formक्त (PPP), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
अयाचितम्unasked-for
अयाचितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअयाचित
Formक्त (PPP), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
भैक्ष्यम्alms-food
भैक्ष्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभैक्ष्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कामfrom desire
काम:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
क्रोधfrom anger
क्रोध:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
दर्पfrom pride
दर्प:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदर्प
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
लोभfrom greed
लोभ:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootलोभ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
मोहfrom delusion
मोह:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमोह
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
कार्पण्यfrom miserly weakness / meanness
कार्पण्य:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकार्पण्य
FormNeuter, Ablative, Plural
दम्भfrom hypocrisy
दम्भ:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदम्भ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
परिवादfrom slander / blame
परिवाद:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपरिवाद
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
अभिमानfrom conceit
अभिमान:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअभिमान
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
हिंसाfrom violence
हिंसा:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootहिंसा
FormFeminine, Ablative, Plural
निवृत्ताःturned away / refraining
निवृत्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनि+वृत्
Formक्त (PPP), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
आचारःconduct (is described)
आचारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भरद्वाज उवाच

B
Bharadvāja
P
parivrājakas (wandering renunciants)
A
agni/agnihotra (sacred fires)
P
pātra (alms-bowl)
P
parvata (mountain)
P
pulina (riverbank)
V
vṛkṣa-mūla (tree root)
D
devatāyatana (temple)
N
nagara (town)
G
grāma (village)
D
dvijātis: brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya
T
trivarga: dharma, artha, kāma
C
categories of beings: sthāvara, jarāyuja, aṇḍaja, svedaja, udbhijja

Educational Q&A

The verse lays down an ethical code for wandering renunciants: total detachment from household life and possessions, impartiality toward all persons, non-violence in thought/speech/action toward all beings, minimal and non-soliciting dependence on alms, and strict restraint from inner vices such as desire, anger, pride, greed, hypocrisy, and slander.

Bharadvāja is describing, in prescriptive form, how parivrājakas should live: they leave domestic obligations (including fire-ritual life), wander without settling, limit how long they stay in towns and villages, seek only enough food to sustain life from suitable households, and cultivate an equal, harmless, and disciplined disposition.