Shloka 1

है 22 2 २ बछ। अर: - प्राणवायुके दस भेद इस प्रकार हैं--प्राण, अपान, व्यान, उदान और समान तथा नाग, कूर्म, कृकल, देवदत्त और धनंजय। षडशीरत्याधिकशततमोब< ध्याय: जीवकी सत्तापर नाना प्रकारकी युक्तियोंसे शंका उपस्थित करना भरद्वाज उवाच यदि प्राणयते वायुर्वायुरेव विचेष्टते । श्वसित्याभाषते चैव तस्माज्जीवो निरर्थक:,भरद्वाजने पूछा--भगवन्‌! यदि वायु ही प्राणीको जीवित रखती है, वायु ही शरीरको चेष्टाशील बनाती है, वही साँस लेती और वही बोलती भी है, तब तो इस शरीरमें जीवकी सत्ता स्वीकार करना व्यर्थ ही है

bharadvāja uvāca | yadi prāṇayate vāyur vāyur eva viceṣṭate | śvasity ābhāṣate caiva tasmāj jīvo nirarthakaḥ ||

Bharadvāja said: “If it is only the vital wind (vāyu) that sustains life, and only the wind that makes the body act; if it is the wind that breathes and even speaks—then accepting a separate ‘self’ (jīva) within this body becomes pointless.”

यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
प्राणयतेkeeps alive / gives life (to)
प्राणयते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्राणय् (प्राण + य)
FormLat (present indicative), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
वायुःwind; vital air
वायुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
वायुःwind; vital air
वायुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
एवindeed; alone
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विचेष्टतेmoves about; acts; makes efforts
विचेष्टते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + चेष्ट्
FormLat (present indicative), 3, singular, Atmanepada
श्वसितिbreathes
श्वसिति:
TypeVerb
Rootश्वस्
FormLat (present indicative), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
आभाषतेspeaks; utters
आभाषते:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + भाष्
FormLat (present indicative), 3, singular, Atmanepada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed; alone
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तस्मात्therefore; from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, ablative, singular
जीवःthe living self; soul (jiva)
जीवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजीव
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
निरर्थकःmeaningless; purposeless; redundant
निरर्थकः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिरर्थक
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

भरद्वाज उवाच

B
Bharadvāja
V
vāyu (vital air)
J
jīva (individual self)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a philosophical challenge: if all life-functions (vitality, motion, breathing, speech) can be attributed to prāṇa/vāyu, then what explanatory role remains for a distinct jīva (individual self)? It sets up the need to distinguish mere physiological functions from consciousness/agency.

In a didactic dialogue in Śānti Parva, the sage Bharadvāja raises a doubt using reasoning about prāṇa: he argues that since vāyu appears to perform all bodily functions, positing a separate self seems redundant—inviting the teacher’s reply on the reality of the jīva.