Shloka 1
Adhyāya 164: Gautama as Guest; Kaśyapa’s Satkāra and the Fourfold Arthagati; Journey to Virūpākṣa
ऑपनआक्रात बछ। 2 त्रेषष्ट्याधिकशततमोब< ध्याय: काम, क्रोध आदि तेरह दोषोंका निरूपण और उनके नाशका उपाय युधिछिर उवाच यतः प्रभवति क्रोध: कामो वा भरतर्षभ | शोकमोहोौ विधित्सा च परासुत्व॑ तथा मद:,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--भरतश्रेष्ठ! परम बुद्धिमान् पितामह! क्रोध, काम, शोक, मोह, विधित्सा (शास्त्र-विरुद्ध काम करनेकी इच्छा), परासुता (दूसरोंके मारनेकी इच्छा), मद, लोभ, मार्त्सर्य, ईर्ष्या, निन््दा, दोषदृष्टि और कंजूसी (दैन्यभाव)--ये सब दोष किससे उत्पन्न होते हैं? यह ठीक-ठीक बताइये
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | yataḥ prabhavati krodhaḥ kāmo vā bharatarṣabha | śoko moho ’vadhititsā ca parāsutvaṃ tathā madaḥ |
Yudhiṣṭhira said: “O bull among the Bharatas, O supremely wise grandsire—from what do these faults arise: anger and desire; grief and delusion; the urge to act against right rule; the wish to destroy others; and intoxicated pride? Please explain their true source clearly.”
युधिछिर उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames an ethical inquiry: major inner faults—anger, desire, grief, delusion, transgressive impulse, murderous hostility, and pride—have identifiable causes, and understanding their origin is the first step toward their restraint and removal.
In Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Yudhiṣṭhira respectfully asks the elder teacher (Bhīṣma) to explain the causal source of destructive mental states, setting up a discourse on diagnosing and overcoming moral and psychological दोष (doṣas).