Shloka 2
Adhyāya 159 — Dāna–Dakṣiṇā, Āpaddharma Measures, and Prāyaścitta Classifications
Devanagari script
भीष्म उवाच पापस्य यदधिष्ठानं तच्छृणुष्व नराधिप । एको लोभो महाग्राहो लोभात् पापं प्रवर्तते
Translation
Bhīṣma said: “O king of men, hear the basis on which sin rests. There is but one—greed, a mighty crocodile that seeks to swallow a man. From greed does sin arise and set itself in motion.”
Word by Word
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
पापस्यof sin
पापस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
यत्which/that (relative)
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अधिष्ठानम्basis, seat, foundation
अधिष्ठानम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअधिष्ठान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that (it)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शृणुष्वlisten
शृणुष्व:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Atmanepada
नराधिपO king (lord of men)
नराधिप:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootनराधिप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
एकःone, single
एकः:
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लोभःgreed
लोभः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाग्राहःa great crocodile (metaphorically, devourer)
महाग्राहः:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाग्राह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लोभात्from greed
लोभात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootलोभ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
पापम्sin
पापम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रवर्ततेarises, proceeds, becomes active
प्रवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र√वृत्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes