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Shloka 1

Tapas as the Root of Attainment (तपः—साधनमूलप्रशंसा)

(दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठका १ श्लोक मिलाकर कुल १२३ श्लोक हैं) ऑपन--माजल बछ। जि चतुष्पञ्चाशर्दाधिकशततमो< ध्याय: नारदजीका सेमल-वृक्षसे प्रशंसापूर्वक प्रश्न युधिछिर उवाच बलिन: प्रत्यमित्रस्य नित्यमासन्नवर्तिन: । उपकारापकाराभ्यां समर्थस्योद्यतस्य च,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--पितामह! जो बलवान, नित्य निकटवर्ती, उपकार और अपकार करनेमें समर्थ तथा नित्य उद्योगशील है, ऐसे शत्रुके साथ यदि कोई अल्प बलवान, असार एवं सभी बातोंमें छोटी हैसियत रखनेवाला मनुष्य मोहवश शेखी बघारते हुए अयोग्य बातें कहकर वैर बाँध ले और वह बलवान शत्रु अत्यन्त कुपित हो उस दुर्बल मनुष्यको उखाड़ फेंकनेके लिये आक्रमण कर दे, तब वह आक्रान्त मनुष्य अपने ही बलका भरोसा करके उस आक्रमणकारीके साथ कैसा बर्ताव करे? (जिससे उसकी रक्षा हो सके)

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |

balinaḥ pratyamitrasyā nityam āsannavartinaḥ |

upakārāpakārābhyāṃ samarthasyodyatasya ca ||

Yudhiṣṭhira said: “Grandfather, when an enemy is powerful, ever close at hand, able both to help and to harm, and always energetic and ready to act—if a man of little strength and slight standing, deluded, boasts and speaks improper words and thereby provokes enmity, and that mighty foe, greatly enraged, attacks to uproot him—then how should the one under attack, relying only on his own limited strength, conduct himself toward the aggressor so that he may be protected?”

बलिनःof a strong (man)
बलिनः:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootबलिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
प्रत्यामित्रस्यof an opposing enemy
प्रत्यामित्रस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootप्रत्यामित्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
Visheshana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
आसन्नवर्तिनःof one who stays nearby
आसन्नवर्तिनः:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootआसन्नवर्तिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
उपकारby benefit/help
उपकार:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootउपकार
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Dual
अपकाराभ्याम्by harm/ill-turn
अपकाराभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअपकार
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Dual
समर्थस्यof one who is capable
समर्थस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootसमर्थ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
उद्यतस्यof one who is ready/active
उद्यतस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्यत
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
E
enemy (pratyamitra)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical-political dilemma: when a weaker person has foolishly provoked a stronger, nearby, capable enemy, survival depends not on bravado but on prudent conduct—measured speech, strategic restraint, and realistic assessment of power.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on conduct and policy, Yudhiṣṭhira poses a practical question (to Bhīṣma as teacher): how a weaker party should behave when a powerful adversary, angered by the weaker party’s improper boasting, launches an attack.