Shloka 9
वाचा दण्डो ब्राह्मणानां क्षत्रियाणां भुजार्पणम् | दानदण्डा: स्मृता वैश्या निर्दण्ड: शूद्र उच्चते,यदि ब्राह्मण अपराध करे तो वाणीसे उसको अपमानित करना ही उसका दण्ड है, क्षत्रियकों भोजनमात्रके लिये वेतन देकर उससे काम लेना उसका दण्ड है, वैश्योंसे जुर्मानाके रूपमें धन वसूल करना उनका दण्ड है, परंतु शूद्र दण्डरहित कहा गया है। उससे सेवा लेनेके सिवा और कोई दण्ड उसके लिये नहीं है
vācā daṇḍo brāhmaṇānāṁ kṣatriyāṇāṁ bhujārpaṇam | dāna-daṇḍāḥ smṛtā vaiśyā nirdaṇḍaḥ śūdra ucyate ||
Arjuna said: “For Brahmins, the punishment is by speech—reproof and censure. For Kshatriyas, punishment is the imposition of service by the strength of their arms, as in being made to work for sustenance. Vaishyas are said to be punished through monetary exactions and fines. The Shudra is described as ‘without punitive penalty’; for him, the only corrective measure is to take service, not to impose other forms of punishment.”
अजुन उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse outlines a graded theory of punishment (daṇḍa) tied to social roles: Brahmins are corrected primarily through verbal censure, Kshatriyas through enforced service/labor, Vaishyas through financial penalties, and Shudras are described as not receiving formal punitive penalties beyond being made to serve—presented as a traditional schema of discipline and social regulation.
In the Shanti Parva’s discourse on dharma and governance, Arjuna speaks about how punishment should be applied differently across social classes, summarizing a remembered rule of daṇḍanīti (policy of punishment) as part of a broader ethical discussion.