Shloka 106
राजा दीन-दुःखियोंकी भी सुधि लेता और सबका पालन करता है, इसलिये वह माताके समान है। अपने और प्रजाके अप्रियजनोंको वह जलाता रहता है; अतः अग्निके समान है और दुष्टोंका दमन करके उन्हें संयममें रखता है; इसलिये यम कहा गया है ।। इष्टेषु विसृजन्नर्थान् कुबेर इव कामद: । गुरुर्धमोपदेशेन गोप्ता च परिपालयन्,प्रियजनोंको खुले हाथ धन लुटाता है और उनकी कामना पूरी करता है, इसलिये कुबेरके समान है। धर्मका उपदेश करनेके कारण गुरु और सबका संरक्षण करनेके कारण रक्षक है
rājā dīna-duḥkhiyōṃ kī bhī sudhi lētā aura sabkā pālana karatā hai, isaliye vaha mātā ke samāna hai. apane aura prajā ke apriyajanōṃ ko vaha jalātā rahatā hai; ataḥ agni ke samāna hai aura duṣṭōṃ kā damana karake unheṃ saṃyama meṃ rakhatā hai; isaliye yama kahā gayā hai. iṣṭeṣu visṛjann arthān kubera iva kāmadaḥ. gurur dharmopadeśena goptā ca paripālayan.
Brahmadatta said: A king keeps mindful watch even over the poor and the afflicted and sustains all; therefore he is like a mother. He burns away what is harmful and displeasing—both in himself and among his subjects; therefore he is like fire. By restraining and punishing the wicked, he keeps them under discipline; therefore he is called Yama. Pouring out wealth among his well-wishers and fulfilling their desires, he is like Kubera, the giver of riches. By teaching dharma he is a guru, and by protecting and maintaining all he is a guardian.
ब्रह्मदत्त उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse defines ideal kingship through layered metaphors: the ruler must nurture like a mother, purify and deter harm like fire, enforce justice like Yama, provide prosperity like Kubera, teach dharma like a guru, and protect all as a guardian. Rajadharma is presented as a balance of compassion, discipline, generosity, and moral instruction.
In the Shanti Parva’s discourse on governance and dharma, Brahmadatta describes the king’s public role by comparing him to divine and elemental archetypes (Agni, Yama, Kubera). The passage is didactic, outlining how a ruler should relate to subjects—supporting the vulnerable, restraining wrongdoers, rewarding the worthy, and upholding dharma.