Shloka 23
एतौ धर्मार्थशास्त्रेषु मोक्षशास्त्रेषु चर्षिभि: । प्रधानाविति निर्दिष्टी कामे चाभिमतौ नृणाम्,ऋषियोंने धर्मशास्त्र, अर्थशास्त्र तथा मोक्षशास्त्रमें इन देश और कालको ही कार्य- सिद्धिका प्रधान उपाय बताया है। मनुष्योंकी कामना-सिद्धिमें भी ये देश और काल ही प्रधान माने गये हैं
etau dharmārthaśāstreṣu mokṣaśāstreṣu carṣibhiḥ | pradhānāv iti nirdiṣṭī kāme cābhimatau nṛṇām ||
Bhīṣma said: “In the treatises on dharma and artha, and likewise in the teachings on liberation, the sages have declared these two to be the foremost factors. Even in the fulfillment of human desires, these two are regarded as the principal means.”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
That successful action and right judgment depend chiefly on two contextual determinants—place and time (deśa and kāla). Sages treat them as primary across dharma, artha, and mokṣa teachings, and even for achieving ordinary desires.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on principles of conduct and governance, emphasizing that scriptural rules must be applied with sensitivity to circumstance—especially the appropriateness of place and time.