Shloka 30

Kośa, Bala, and Maryādā: Treasury, Capacity, and Enforceable Limits (कोश-बल-मर्यादा)

Devanagari script

परस्पर हि संरक्षा राज्ञा राष्ट्रेण चापदि | नित्यमेव हि कर्तव्या एष धर्म: सनातन:,इसलिये आपत्तिकालमें राजा और राज्यकी प्रजा दोनोंको निरन्तर एक-दूसरेकी रक्षा करनी चाहिये। यही सदाका धर्म है

Transliteration

paraspara hi saṃrakṣā rājñā rāṣṭreṇa cāpadi | nityam eva hi kartavyā eṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ ||

Translation

Bhishma said: “In times of calamity, the king and the realm (the people of the kingdom) must continually protect one another. This mutual safeguarding is to be practiced always; it is the eternal dharma.”

Word by Word

• परस्परम्: mutually, each other
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परस्पर
• Form: Avyaya (adverbial use)

• हि: indeed, for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि
• Form: Avyaya (emphatic/causal particle)

• संरक्षा: protection, safeguarding
• संरक्षा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संरक्षा
• Form: Feminine, nominative singular

• राज्ञा: by the king
• राज्ञा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, instrumental singular

• राष्ट्रेण: by the realm/state (i.e., the people/kingdom)
• राष्ट्रेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राष्ट्र
• Form: Neuter, instrumental singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: Avyaya (conjunction)

• आपदि: in calamity, in time of distress
• आपदि: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आपद्
• Form: Feminine, locative singular

• नित्यम्: always, continually
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य
• Form: Avyaya (adverbial accusative)

• एव: indeed, just, certainly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव
• Form: Avyaya (restrictive particle)

• हि: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि
• Form: Avyaya (emphatic particle)

• कर्तव्या: to be done, ought to be performed
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ
• Form: Feminine, nominative singular; gerundive (तव्यत्), passive necessity

• एषः: this
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, nominative singular

• धर्मः: duty, law, dharma
• धर्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, nominative singular

• सनातनः: eternal, perennial
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सनातन
• Form: Masculine, nominative singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• king (rājā)
• kingdom/realm (rāṣṭra)