Shloka 45
Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद
अथवाडूस्य युक्तस्य रथिनो हस्तियायिन: । अश्वारोहा: पदाताक्ष मन्त्रिणो रसदाश्ष ये
athavā ḍūsya-yuktasya rathino hastiyāyinaḥ | aśvārohāḥ padātāś ca mantriṇo rasadāś ca ye ||
Bhīṣma said: “Or again, those who belong to the king’s armed establishment—charioteers with their equipment, elephant-riders, horsemen, and foot-soldiers—as well as the king’s counsellors and those who provide supplies and provisions—these too are to be counted among the limbs of the state. In this ethical vision of kingship, the realm is treated as a living body of interdependent parts; therefore discipline and lawful punishment (daṇḍa) is presented as the chief instrument that holds them together and enables orderly governance.”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse contributes to the saptāṅga-style view of the kingdom as an organic body: military arms, ministers, and supply-providers are essential limbs of the state. The broader teaching in this passage emphasizes that effective governance depends on coordinated institutions, with daṇḍa (discipline/punishment) functioning as the central means to maintain order and protect dharma.
In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on rājadharma (the duties of kings). Here he enumerates components of the royal establishment—mounted and foot forces, advisers, and logistical support—framing them as parts of the state’s ‘body’ within a systematic lesson on how a kingdom is sustained.