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Shloka 1

Bhṛtya-niyoga: Role-appropriate appointment of servants and protection of the royal treasury (भृत्यनियोगः कोशरक्षणं च)

Devanagari script

(दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठके ७ श्लोक मिलाकर कुल ३० श्लोक हैं।) अष्टादशाधिकशततमोब<् ध्याय: राजाके सेवक, सचिव तथा सेनापति आदि और राजाके उत्तम गुणोंका वर्णन एवं उनसे लाभ भीष्म उवाच स श्वा प्रकृतिमापन्न: परं दैन्यमुपागत: । ऋषिणा हुड्कृत: पापस्तपोवनबहिष्कृत:

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca | sa śvā prakṛtim āpannaḥ paraṃ dainyam upāgataḥ | ṛṣiṇā huṅkṛtaḥ pāpas tapovanabahiṣkṛtaḥ ||

Translation

Bhishma said: That sinner, having fallen into the condition of a dog, sank into extreme misery. Rebuked by a sage with a sharp cry of disapproval, he was driven out from the hermitage-grove of ascetic practice.

Word by Word

सःhe

श्वाdog

प्रकृतिम्nature, condition

आपन्नःhaving fallen into, having reached

परम्extreme, great

दैन्यम्wretchedness, misery

उपागतःhaving come to, having reached

ऋषिणाby a sage

हुङ्कृतःrebuked (with ‘hum’), scolded

पापःsinful, wicked

तपोवनfrom the forest of asceticism (hermitage-grove)

बहिष्कृतःexpelled, driven out

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

Bhishma

a sinner (unnamed)

a sage (rishi)

tapo-vana (hermitage/forest of austerities)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Geographic Context

Sandhi Notes