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Shloka 3

Adhyāya 118: Saciva-parīkṣā

Testing and Appointment of Ministers/Servants

त॑ दृष्टवा कुण्जरं मत्तमायान्तं बलगर्वितम्‌ । व्याप्रो हस्तिभयात्‌ त्रस्तस्तमृषिं शरणं ययौ,उस बलाभिमानी मदोनन्‍्मत्त गजराजको आते देख वह बाघ भयभीत हो पुनः ऋषिकी शरणमें गया

taṁ dṛṣṭvā kuñjaraṁ mattam āyāntaṁ balagarvitam | vyāghro hastibhayāt trastas tam ṛṣiṁ śaraṇaṁ yayau ||

Bhishma said: Seeing a rut-maddened elephant approaching, swollen with the pride of strength, the tiger—terrified by fear of the elephant—went again to that sage for refuge.

तत्that (him/it)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
कुञ्जरम्elephant
कुञ्जरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुञ्जर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मत्तम्intoxicated, rutting
मत्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमत्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आयान्तम्coming, approaching
आयान्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootआ + या
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
बलगर्वितम्proud of (his) strength
बलगर्वितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबल-गर्वित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
व्याघ्रःthe tiger
व्याघ्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्याघ्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हस्तिभयात्from fear of the elephant
हस्तिभयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootहस्ति-भय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
त्रस्तःfrightened
त्रस्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रस्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तम्him (that one)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ऋषिम्the sage
ऋषिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शरणम्refuge, shelter
शरणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ययौwent
ययौ:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
T
tiger (vyāghra)
E
elephant (kuñjara/hasti)
S
sage (ṛṣi)

Educational Q&A

Power and aggression (symbolized by the rut-maddened, strength-proud elephant) create fear, but the dharmic response is to seek rightful refuge and protection rather than escalate violence. The verse points to the moral authority of the sage as a shelter superior to brute force.

A tiger sees a powerful, rut-maddened elephant approaching. Overcome by fear, the tiger retreats and goes again to a sage, taking shelter with him for protection.