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Shloka 24

Gadāyuddhe Kṛṣṇopadeśaḥ (Kṛṣṇa’s Counsel in the Mace-Duel) — Śalya-parva 57

एवं तदभवद्‌ युद्ध घोररूपं परंतप । परिवृत्ते5हनि क्रूरं वृत्रवासवयोरिव

sañjaya uvāca | evaṃ tad abhavad yuddhaṃ ghorarūpaṃ parantapa | parivṛtte 'hani krūraṃ vṛtrāvāsavayor iva ||

Sañjaya said: Thus that battle became terrifying in form, O scorcher of foes. When the day had turned (toward its close), it grew even more cruel—like the dreadful combat between Vṛtra and Vāsava (Indra).

एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
तत्that (event/thing)
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
अभवत्became / happened
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formimperfect (laṅ), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
युद्धम्battle
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
Formneuter, nominative, singular
घोररूपम्of terrible form
घोररूपम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootघोररूप
Formneuter, nominative, singular
परंतपO scorcher of foes
परंतप:
TypeNoun
Rootपरंतप
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
परिवृत्तेwhen (it) had turned/elapsed
परिवृत्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपरिवृत्त
Formmasculine/neuter, locative, singular
अहनिon the day
अहनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
Formneuter, locative, singular
क्रूरम्cruel, fierce
क्रूरम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रूर
Formneuter, nominative, singular
वृत्रवासवयोःof Vṛtra and Vāsava (Indra)
वृत्रवासवयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्र-वासव
Formmasculine, genitive, dual
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by vocative parantapa)
V
Vṛtra
V
Vāsava (Indra)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores how war, once unleashed, tends to intensify into cruelty as momentum and desperation grow; by invoking the cosmic duel of Vṛtra and Indra, it frames human conflict as a force that can eclipse ordinary restraint, warning of the ethical collapse that prolonged violence can bring.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the fighting has become terrifying and, as the day advances, increasingly savage—comparing its ferocity to the legendary battle between Vṛtra and Indra.