Shloka 45

Devanagari script

तदिदं वचन तेषां निरुक्तं वै जनार्दन । क्षयं याता हि राजानो दुर्योधनकृते भूशम्‌

Transliteration

tad idaṁ vacanaṁ teṣāṁ niruktaṁ vai janārdana | kṣayaṁ yātā hi rājāno duryodhana-kṛte bhūśam ||

Translation

“O Janārdana, this is indeed the saying they uttered: for because of Duryodhana the kings have gone to destruction, laid low upon the earth.”

Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

• वचनम्: statement, speech
• वचनम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचन
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: masculine/neuter, genitive, plural

• निरुक्तम्: uttered, declared
• निरुक्तम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: निर् + वच्
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular, kta (past passive participle)

• वै: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

• जनार्दन: O Janardana (Krishna)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनार्दन
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

• क्षयम्: destruction, ruin
• क्षयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षय
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• याताः: have gone, have reached
• याताः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: या
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural, kta (past active participle, used predicatively)

• हि: for, indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• राजानः: kings
• राजानः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• दुर्योधनकृते: for Duryodhana's sake
• दुर्योधनकृते: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुर्योधन-कृत
• Form: neuter, locative, singular

• भूशम्: exceedingly, greatly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भूशम्

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa)
• Duryodhana
• kings (rājānaḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores moral causality in leadership: a single ruler’s obstinacy and adharma can become the cause of widespread ruin, drawing many kings to destruction ‘because of Duryodhana.’

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Kṛṣṇa (addressed as Janārdana) the expressed conclusion/statement of others: that numerous kings have perished and lie on the earth as a consequence of Duryodhana’s actions and the war he precipitated.