Shloka 15

तान्‌ समीपगतान्‌ दृष्टवा जवेनोद्यतकार्मुकान्‌ । उवाच देवकीपुत्रं कुन्तीपुत्रो धनंजय:,उन सबको बड़े वेगसे धनुष उठाये पास आया देखकर कुन्तीकुमार अर्जुनने देवकीनन्दन भगवान्‌ श्रीकृष्णसे इस प्रकार कहा--

tān samīpagatān dṛṣṭvā javena udyata-kārmukān | uvāca devakī-putraṁ kuntī-putro dhanaṁjayaḥ ||

Seeing those warriors draw near, their bows swiftly raised and ready, Kuntī’s son Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) addressed Devakī’s son, Kṛṣṇa.

तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
समीपगतान्who had come near
समीपगतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमीपगत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
जवेनwith speed
जवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
उद्यतकार्मुकान्with bows raised (ready to shoot)
उद्यतकार्मुकान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्यतकार्मुक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
देवकीपुत्रम्to Devakī's son (Kṛṣṇa)
देवकीपुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेवकीपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुन्तीपुत्रःKuntī's son
कुन्तीपुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुन्तीपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धनंजयःDhanañjaya (Arjuna)
धनंजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधनंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna (Dhanañjaya, Kuntīputra)
K
Kṛṣṇa (Devakīputra)
B
bows (kārmuka)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a dharmic pattern in epic warfare: when danger is immediate and emotions can overwhelm judgment, a responsible warrior seeks clear guidance before acting. Arjuna’s turning to Kṛṣṇa underscores the ethical need for counsel, steadiness, and right discernment at the threshold of violence.

As armed opponents approach with bows raised, Arjuna notices their readiness and, at that critical moment, speaks to Kṛṣṇa. The line functions as a narrative hinge, introducing Arjuna’s request or instruction to his charioteer as the battle situation intensifies.