Shloka 4

Chapter 23: Śakuni Reports, Kaurava Advance, and Arjuna’s Penetration of the Host

Devanagari script

तावकानां परेषां च देवासुररणोपमम्‌ । परेषां तव सैन्ये वा नासीत्‌ कश्चित्‌ पराड्मुख:

Transliteration

tāvakānāṃ pareṣāṃ ca devāsura-raṇopamam | pareṣāṃ tava sainye vā nāsīt kaścit parāṅmukhaḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: In that battle—like the legendary war between gods and demons—there was not a single man who turned his face away in flight, whether among your own troops or among the enemy. The fighting was met with steadfast resolve on both sides, revealing a grim equality of courage amid a conflict driven by rivalry and duty.

Word by Word

• तावकानाम्: of your (men)
• तावकानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तावक
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• परेषाम्: of the enemies/others
• परेषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• देव-असुर-रण-उपमम्: like the battle of gods and asuras
• देव-असुर-रण-उपमम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: देवासुररणोपम
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• परेषाम्: of the enemies/others
• परेषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• तव: of you/your
• तव: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Genitive, Singular

• सैन्ये: in the army
• सैन्ये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• वा: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• आसीत्: was/existed
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: Imperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular

• कश्चित्: anyone
• कश्चित्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: कश्चित्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पराड्मुखः: turned away; facing away (in retreat)
• पराड्मुखः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पराङ्मुख
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'tava')
• Kaurava army (tāvakāḥ)
• Pāṇḍava army (pareṣām)
• Devas
• Asuras