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Shloka 19

Chapter 23: Śakuni Reports, Kaurava Advance, and Arjuna’s Penetration of the Host

अतिप्रवृत्ते युद्धे च छिद्यमानेषु मर्मसु । धावमानेषु योधेषु जयगृद्धिषु मारिष,माननीय नरेश! जब सब ओरसे वह मर्यादाशून्य युद्ध होने लगा, आपके और शत्रुपक्षके योद्धा मारे जाने लगे, युद्धपरायण वीरोंकी गर्जना और श्रेष्ठ शंखोंकी ध्वनि होने लगी, धनुर्धरोंकी ललकार, सिंहनाद और गर्जनाओंके साथ जब वह युद्ध औचित्यकी सीमाको पार कर गया, योद्धाओंके मर्मस्थल विदीर्ण किये जाने लगे, विजयाभिलाषी योद्धा इधर-उधर दौड़ने लगे, रणभूमिमें सब ओर शोकजनक संहार होने लगा, बहुत-सी सुन्दरी स्त्रियोंके सीमन्तके सिन्दूर मिटाये जाने लगे तथा सारी मर्यादाओंको तोड़कर अत्यन्त भयंकर महायुद्ध चलने लगा, उस समय विनाशकी सूचना देनेवाले अति दारुण उत्पात प्रकट होने लगे

sañjaya uvāca | atipravṛtte yuddhe ca chidyamāneṣu marmasu | dhāvamāneṣu yodheṣu jayagṛddhiṣu māriṣa ||

Sañjaya said: “O revered one, when the battle had become excessively unrestrained—when vital points were being cut and pierced, and when warriors, hungry for victory, were rushing about—then the fighting crossed the bounds of propriety and turned into a ruthless slaughter.”

अतिexcessively, very
अति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअति
प्रवृत्तेhaving begun/being in full course
प्रवृत्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रवृत्त
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
युद्धेin the battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
छिद्यमानेषुwhile being cut/being pierced
छिद्यमानेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootछिद्यमान
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
मर्मसुin the vital spots
मर्मसु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमर्मन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
धावमानेषुwhile (they) were running
धावमानेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootधावमान
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
योधेषुamong the warriors
योधेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयोध
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
जयvictory
जय:
TypeNoun
Rootजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गृद्धिषुin (their) greed/longing
गृद्धिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगृद्धि
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
मारिषO noble one / O sir
मारिष:
TypeNoun
Rootमारिष
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address māriṣa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how war, once it exceeds restraint (maryādā), becomes ethically corrosive: the pursuit of victory (jaya-gṛddhi) leads to attacks on vital points (marma), turning combat into indiscriminate destruction and signaling a collapse of dharmic limits.

Sañjaya reports to the blind king (addressed as māriṣa) that the battle has intensified into a chaotic melee: warriors are rushing in all directions, striking at vulnerable vital spots, driven by the desire to win.