Shloka 31

अध्याय २२ — अमर्याद-युद्धवर्णन

Unrestrained Battle Description and Śakuni’s Rear Assault

Devanagari script

तथैव कृतवर्माणं शैनेय: शत्रुतापन:

Transliteration

tathaiva kṛtavarmāṇaṃ śaineyaḥ śatrutāpanaḥ

Translation

Sañjaya said: In the same manner, Śaineya—renowned as a scorcher of foes—also confronted Kṛtavarmā. The narration underscores the relentless reciprocity of battle, where each warrior meets an answering challenge, and prowess is measured by steadfastness amid escalating violence.

Word by Word

• तथा: thus, in the same manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा
• Form: Avyaya (indeclinable)

• एव: indeed, just, also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव
• Form: Avyaya (indeclinable)

• कृतवर्माणम्: Kṛtavarmā (object)
• कृतवर्माणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun (proper name)
• Root: कृतवर्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• शैनेयः: Śaineya (son of Śini; Sātyaki)
• शैनेयः: Karta
• Type: Noun (patronymic/proper name)
• Root: शैनेय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शत्रुतापनः: scorcher of enemies
• शत्रुतापनः: Karta
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: शत्रुतापन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Kṛtavarmā
• Śaineya (Sātyaki)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethic of reciprocal engagement in war: actions invite immediate counter-action, and a warrior’s duty (kṣatriya-dharma) is portrayed as steadfastly meeting formidable opponents, even as the moral cost of escalating violence looms in the background.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Śaineya (Sātyaki), famed for subduing enemies, turns to face Kṛtavarmā as well—indicating a sequence of matched combats and the tightening web of duels within the battlefield narrative.