Shloka 19

दुर्योधनं महाराज वचन वचनक्षम: । महाराज! तब प्रवचनपटु गान्धारराजपुत्र शकुनिने दुर्योधनसे यह बात कही-- ।। १८ *॥ कि नः सम्प्रेक्षमाणानां मद्राणां हन्यते बलम्‌

sañjaya uvāca |

duryodhanaṃ mahārāja vacana-vacana-kṣamaḥ |

mahārāja! tadā pravacana-paṭuḥ gāndhāra-rāja-putraḥ śakunir duryodhanam idaṃ vacanam abravīt— ||

kiṃ naḥ samprekṣamāṇānāṃ madrāṇāṃ hanyate balam ||

Sañjaya said: O King, then Śakuni—the eloquent son of the Gandhāra ruler, skilled in speech and counter-speech—addressed Duryodhana: “While we stand here watching, is the strength of the Madras to be destroyed?”

दुर्योधनम्Duryodhana (as the addressed/mentioned person)
दुर्योधनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वचनक्षमःskilled in speech / capable in words
वचनक्षमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवचनक्षम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
किwhy? / what (interrogative particle)
कि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिम्
नःof us / our
नः:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormFirst, Genitive, Plural
सम्प्रेक्षमाणानाम्of (us) who are looking on / observing
सम्प्रेक्षमाणानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम् + प्रेक्ष्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural, Shatr (present active participle)
मद्राणाम्of the Madras
मद्राणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमद्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
हन्यतेis being slain / is destroyed
हन्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular, Passive
बलम्the army / strength
बलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhritarashtra
D
Duryodhana
S
Shakuni
G
Gandhara
M
Madra (the Madras)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights responsibility in collective action: when allies are being harmed, passive spectatorship becomes a moral failure. Leadership and loyalty demand timely intervention rather than detached watching.

Sanjaya reports to Dhritarashtra that Shakuni, noted for persuasive speech, addresses Duryodhana with a pointed question—why the Madra forces are being destroyed while they merely look on—urging Duryodhana toward action.