Shloka 58

शल्यपरिघातः (Śalya Under Encirclement) — Mahābhārata, Śalya-parva, Adhyāya 12

Devanagari script

ध्वजं निपतितं दृष्टवा पाण्डवं च व्यवस्थितम्‌,संक़्रुद्धो मद्रराजो5भूच्छरवर्ष मुमोच ह । ध्वज नीचे गिर पड़ा और पाण्डुपुत्र युधिष्ठिर सामने खड़े हैं; यह देखकर मद्रराज शल्यको बड़ा क्रोध हुआ और वे बाणोंकी वर्षा करने लगे

Transliteration

dhvajaṁ nipatitaṁ dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavaṁ ca vyavasthitam | saṅkruddho madrarājo 'bhūc charavarṣaṁ mumoca ha ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Seeing the banner fallen and the Pāṇḍava (Yudhiṣṭhira) standing firm before him, the king of Madra, Śalya, was inflamed with anger and unleashed a rain of arrows. The moment underscores how, in the heat of war, wounded pride and the sight of an opponent’s steadfastness can provoke a surge of wrath that drives violent escalation.

Word by Word

• ध्वजम्: banner/standard
• ध्वजम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ध्वज
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• निपतितम्: fallen down
• निपतितम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि-पत्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)

• पाण्डवम्: the Pandava (son of Pandu)
• पाण्डवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• व्यवस्थितम्: standing firm/arrayed/positioned
• व्यवस्थितम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-अव-स्था
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• सङ्क्रुद्धः: enraged
• सङ्क्रुद्धः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-क्रुध्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle used adjectivally)

• मद्रराजः: the king of Madra (Shalya)
• मद्रराजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद्रराज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अभूत्: became/was
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Aorist (लुङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• शरवर्षम्: a shower of arrows
• शरवर्षम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरवर्ष
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• मुमोच: released/let loose
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुच्
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• ह: indeed/for emphasis
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Pāṇḍava (Yudhiṣṭhira)
• Madrarāja (Śalya)
• dhvaja (battle standard/banner)
• śara (arrows)