Shloka 25
Devanagari script
यदुद्यम्य महत् कृत्यं भयादपि निवर्तते । अशक्तिश्चैव तत् कर्तु कर्म शक्तिबलादिह,“मनीषी पुरुष उसीको अत्यन्त भयंकर आपत्ति बताते हैं, जब कि मनुष्य किसी महान् कार्यका आरम्भ करके भयके कारण भी उससे पीछे हट जाता है और शक्ति-बलसे यहाँ उस कर्मको करनेमें असमर्थ हो जाता है
Translation
When a man raises his hand to begin a great undertaking, yet turns back from it out of fear, and here proves unable to accomplish that deed by the strength and power he possesses—the wise declare this to be the most dreadful calamity.
Word by Word
यत्that which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
उद्यम्यhaving undertaken / having set about
उद्यम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-यम्
FormLyap (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
महत्great
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कृत्यम्task / duty / undertaking
कृत्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकृत्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भयात्from fear / out of fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
अपिeven / also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
निवर्ततेturns back / desists
निवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-वृत्
FormLat, Present, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
अशक्तिःinability / incapacity
अशक्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअ-शक्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तत्that (task)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कर्तुम्to do
कर्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormTumun (infinitive), Non-finite
कर्मact / work
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शक्ति-बलात्due to (lack of) power and strength / from power-strength
शक्ति-बलात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति + बल
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
इहhere / in this world
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes