Shloka 51

Devanagari script

ते वर्धयित्वा नृपतिं धर्मात्मानं युधिष्ठिरम्‌ । जितकाशिनो लब्धलक्ष्या युद्धशौण्डा: प्रहारिण:

Transliteration

te vardhayitvā nṛpatiṁ dharmātmānaṁ yudhiṣṭhiram | jitakāśino labdhalakṣyā yuddhaśauṇḍāḥ prahāriṇaḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Having congratulated the righteous king Yudhiṣṭhira, those valiant warriors—exultant in victory, their aim accomplished, skilled in battle and mighty in striking—praised Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna, the tormentors of foes, with words of eulogy, and then, filled with joy, returned to their camp.

Word by Word

• ते: they
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• वर्धयित्वा: having praised/encouraged
• Type: Verb
• Root: वर्ध्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)

• नृपतिम्: the king
• नृपतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृपति
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• धर्मात्मानम्: righteous-souled
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्मात्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• युधिष्ठिरम्: Yudhiṣṭhira
• युधिष्ठिरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• जितकाशिनः: having conquered Kāśi / conquerors of Kāśi
• जितकाशिनः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जितकाशिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• लब्धलक्ष्याः: having attained their aim
• लब्धलक्ष्याः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: लब्धलक्ष्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• युद्धशौण्डाः: battle-fierce / battle-expert
• युद्धशौण्डाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युद्धशौण्ड
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रहारिणः: strikers, assailants
• प्रहारिणः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रहारिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Kṛṣṇa
• Arjuna

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even amid warfare, the passage foregrounds dharma and proper conduct: honoring a righteous leader (Yudhiṣṭhira) and acknowledging the decisive, dharma-aligned agency of Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna. Victory is framed not merely as conquest but as the fulfillment of a rightful aim, accompanied by respectful praise and orderly return.

What is happening in the narrative?

After a successful engagement, the warriors rejoice as victors. They congratulate King Yudhiṣṭhira, praise Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna for afflicting the enemy, and then happily go back to their camp.