Shloka 40

Devanagari script

अथाब्रवीन्मारुति: फाल्गुनं च पश्यस्वैनं नकुलं पीड्यमानम्‌ । अयं च नो बाधते कर्णपुत्र- स्तस्माद्‌ भवान प्रत्युपयातु कार्णिम्‌

Transliteration

athābravīn mārutiḥ phālgunaṃ ca paśyasvainaṃ nakulaṃ pīḍyamānam | ayaṃ ca no bādhate karṇaputraḥ tasmād bhavān pratyupayātu kārṇim ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Then Māruti spoke to Phālguna (Arjuna): “Look—Nakula is being hard-pressed. This son of Karṇa is harassing our forces; therefore, you should advance against that Kārṇi (the son of Karṇa).”

Word by Word

• अथ: then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• अब्रवीत्: said/spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू
• Form: Lung (Aorist), 3, singular, Parasmaipada

• मारुतिः: Maruti (son of Vayu; Bhima)
• मारुतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मारुति
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• फाल्गुनम्: to Phalguna (Arjuna)
• फाल्गुनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: फाल्गुन
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पश्यस्व: see/look
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Lot (Imperative), 2, singular, Atmanepada

• एनम्: this one/him
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• नकुलम्: Nakula
• नकुलम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नकुल
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• पीड्यमानम्: being tormented/pressed
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पीड्
• Form: present passive participle (शानच्/मान), masculine, accusative, singular

• अयम्: this (man)
• अयम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• नः: our/us
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: 1, genitive, plural

• बाधते: troubles/harasses
• Type: Verb
• Root: बाध्
• Form: Lat (Present), 3, singular, Atmanepada

• कर्णपुत्रः: Karna's son
• कर्णपुत्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्णपुत्र
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• तस्मात्: therefore
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तस्मात् (तद्)

• भवान्: you (honorific)
• भवान्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: भवत्
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• प्रत्युपयातु: let (him/you) go against/approach in return; advance toward
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति-उप-या
• Form: Lot (Imperative), 3, singular, Parasmaipada

• कार्णिम्: the son of Karna (i.e., Vrishasena)
• कार्णिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार्णि
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Māruti (Bhīmasena)
• Phālguna (Arjuna)
• Nakula
• Karṇaputra (Vṛṣasena)
• Karṇa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

In the midst of conflict, one must uphold kṣatriya-dharma by protecting comrades and responding proportionately to a dangerous aggressor; leadership includes timely intervention to prevent an ally’s defeat.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhīma (Māruti) alerts Arjuna (Phālguna) that Nakula is being overwhelmed by Karṇa’s son (Vṛṣasena) and urges Arjuna to advance and engage him to relieve Nakula and check the threat.