Shloka 70
Devanagari script
ततस्तं विह्नलं ज्ञात्वा पुत्रस्तव विशाम्पते
Transliteration
tatastaṁ vihvalaṁ jñātvā putrastava viśāmpate
Translation
Sañjaya said: Then, O lord of the people, realizing him to be overwhelmed and unsteady, your son took note of his condition.
Word by Word
ततःthen/thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (पञ्चमी-अर्थे: 'from/thereafter')
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्
विह्वलम्confused/overwhelmed
विह्वलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविह्वल
Formपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्
ज्ञात्वाhaving known/realizing
ज्ञात्वा:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive/gerund): 'having known'
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्
तवof you/your
तव:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Formषष्ठी, एकवचनम्
विशाम्पतेO lord of the people
विशाम्पते:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootविशाम्पति (विश् + आम् + पति)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, सम्बोधन, एकवचनम्
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaD
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed as viśāmpati)Y
your son (Duryodhana, by context)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights attentive leadership in crisis: recognizing another’s mental collapse (vihvala) is the first step toward responsible action. In the Mahābhārata’s war setting, it also underscores how inner disarray accompanies outward violence, pressing ethical questions about duty and restraint.
Sañjaya reports to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra that ‘your son’ notices someone has become overwhelmed and unsteady. The line functions as a transition, preparing for the next action taken in response to that person’s shaken state.