Shloka 45

Devanagari script

तस्य माताब्रवीद्‌ राजन्‌ वरुण पुत्रकारणात्‌

Transliteration

tasya mātābravīd rājan varuṇa putrakāraṇāt

Translation

Sañjaya said: O King, his mother spoke—because Varuṇa was the cause behind the begetting of that son.

Word by Word

• तस्य: of him/that
• तस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• माता: mother
• माता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• अब्रवीत्: said/spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू
• Form: Imperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• राजन्: O king
• राजन्: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• वरुण: of Varuṇa
• वरुण: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरुण
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (in compound), Singular

• पुत्रकारणात्: because of the cause of (having) a son / due to the reason of a son
• पुत्रकारणात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्रकारण
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• King Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Varuṇa
• mother (unnamed in this half-verse)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse foregrounds causality and divine agency in human lineage: births and pivotal events are often narrated as arising from specific causes (kāraṇa), including the involvement of deities like Varuṇa, reminding the listener that personal histories in the epic are intertwined with cosmic forces.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya continues reporting to Dhṛtarāṣṭra and introduces a statement made by a mother, explaining that she spoke with reference to Varuṇa as the causal factor connected to the begetting of a son—setting up or clarifying a character’s origin within the ongoing war narrative.