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Shloka 2

द्रोणेन सात्यकिपीडनम् — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Charge to Sātyaki amid Droṇa’s Onslaught

सुखेन रजनी व्युष्टा कच्चित्‌ ते मधुसूदन । कच्चिज्ज्ञानानि सर्वाणि प्रसन्नानि तवाच्युत,“मधुसूदन! क्या आपकी रात सुखपूर्वक बीती है? अच्युत! क्या आपकी सम्पूर्ण ज्ञानेन्द्रियाँ प्रसन्न हैं?”

sukhena rajanī vyuṣṭā kaccit te madhusūdana | kaccij jñānāni sarvāṇi prasannāni tavācyuta ||

“O Madhusudana, did your night pass in comfort? O Acyuta, are all your faculties clear and serene?”

सुखेनwith ease; happily
सुखेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
रजनीnight
रजनी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरजनी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
व्युष्टाhas passed; has dawned
व्युष्टा:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि + वस् (वसँ निवासे) / व्युष् (as dawning, past participle usage)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
कच्चित्whether? (I hope/indeed?)
कच्चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकच्चित्
तेof you; your
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
मधुसूदनO slayer of Madhu (Krishna)
मधुसूदन:
TypeNoun
Rootमधुसूदन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कच्चित्whether? (I hope/indeed?)
कच्चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकच्चित्
ज्ञानानिsense-faculties; cognitions (here: senses)
ज्ञानानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
सर्वाणिall
सर्वाणि:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
प्रसन्नानिclear; pleased; tranquil
प्रसन्नानि:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र + सद् (षदँ विशरणगत्यवसादने) → प्रसन्न
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle used adjectivally)
तवof you; your
तव:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
अच्युतO Acyuta (the unfailing one; Krishna)
अच्युत:
TypeNoun
Rootअच्युत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
M
Madhusūdana (Kṛṣṇa)
A
Acyuta (Kṛṣṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights that ethical action in crisis depends on inner composure and the clear functioning of one’s knowing faculties; calm vigilance is treated as a moral and practical necessity amid war.

Sañjaya addresses Kṛṣṇa with respectful epithets and inquires about his well-being after the night—whether he rested well and whether his senses and mind are steady—signaling concern and readiness for the day’s grave events.