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Shloka 166

द्रोण–सात्यकि द्वैरथम्

Droṇa and Sātyaki: The Chariot Duel

हा पुत्र इति निः:श्वस्य व्यथितो न्‍्यपतद्‌ भुवि । धर्मराज युधिष्ठिरकी कही हुई यह बात सुनकर अर्जुन व्यथासे पीड़ित हो लंबी साँस खींचते हुए “हा पुत्र” कहकर पृथ्वीपर गिर पड़े

hā putra iti niḥśvasya vyathito nyapatad bhuvi |

Sighing deeply and overwhelmed with anguish, he cried, “Alas, my son!” and collapsed upon the earth—Arjuna, stricken by the words spoken by Dharmarāja Yudhiṣṭhira, falling in grief at the moral and personal shock of the moment.

हाalas! (interjection)
हा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहा
पुत्रO son!
पुत्र:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
निःश्वस्यhaving sighed
निःश्वस्य:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-श्वस्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
व्यथितःdistressed, pained
व्यथितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यथित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
न्यपतत्fell down
न्यपतत्:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-पत्
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
भुविon the ground/earth
भुवि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभू (स्त्री. भुव्)
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira (Dharmarāja)
A
Arjuna
P
putra (son)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how even the greatest heroes are shaken when dharma, kinship, and the brutal consequences of war collide. It underscores the ethical weight of actions in battle: victory and duty do not erase grief, and moral injury can overwhelm physical strength.

After hearing Dharmarāja Yudhiṣṭhira’s statement, Arjuna is struck by intense sorrow. He exhales a long, heavy sigh, cries out “Alas, my son!”, and collapses to the ground—an outward sign of inner devastation at the news or implication concerning a ‘son’ (putra).