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Shloka 18

Adhyāya 40 (Book 7, Droṇa-parva): Abhimanyu’s Rapid Advance and Battlefield Disruption

अत्यन्तवैरिणं दृप्तं दृष्टवा शत्रुं पपाजितम्‌ । धर्ममारुतशक्राणामश्रिनो: प्रतिमास्तथा,अभ्यद्रवन्त त्वरिता द्रोणानीकं॑ बिभित्सव: । घमंडमें भरे हुए अपने कट्टर शत्रुको पराजित हुआ देख अपनी ध्वजाओंके अग्रभागमें धर्म, वायु, इन्द्र और अश्विनीकुमारोंकी प्रतिमा धारण करनेवाले महारथी द्रौपदीकुमार, सात्यकि, चेकितान, धृष्टद्युम्मन, शिखण्डी, केकय-राजकुमार, धृष्टकेतु, मत्स्य, पांचाल, सूंजय तथा युधिष्ठिर आदि पाण्डव बड़े हर्षके साथ उतावले होकर द्रोणाचार्यके व्यूहका भेदन करनेकी इच्छासे उसपर टूट पड़े

sañjaya uvāca | atyantavairiṇaṃ dṛptaṃ dṛṣṭvā śatruṃ parājitam | dharma-māruta-śakrāṇām aśvinoḥ pratimās tathā dhvajāgrabhāge dhārayantaḥ tvaritā abhyadravan droṇānīkaṃ bibhitsavaḥ |

Sañjaya said: Seeing their utterly hostile and arrogant enemy brought low, the warriors who bore on the foreparts of their standards the emblems of Dharma, Vāyu, Indra, and the Aśvin twins rushed forward in haste, eager to break through Droṇa’s battle-array. Their surge is driven not merely by triumph, but by the conviction that the enemy’s pride has been checked and that the moment has come to pierce the formidable formation guarding Droṇa.

अत्यन्तexcessively, extremely
अत्यन्त:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्यन्त
FormAvyaya
वैरिणम्enemy
वैरिणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवैरिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दृप्तम्proud, arrogant
दृप्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदृप्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), indeclinable
शत्रुम्enemy
शत्रुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पराजितम्defeated
पराजितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपराजित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular (past passive participle used adjectivally)
धर्मDharma (god/personification)
धर्म:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular (as member in compound)
मारुतVayu/Marut (wind-god)
मारुत:
TypeNoun
Rootमारुत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular (as member in compound)
शक्रIndra (Shakra)
शक्र:
TypeNoun
Rootशक्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular (as member in compound)
आनाम्towards/unto (as prefix element)
आनाम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya (preverb; here as part of a corrupted/irregular reading)
अश्विनोःof the two Ashvins
अश्विनोः:
TypeNoun
Rootअश्विन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Dual
प्रतिमाःimages, figures
प्रतिमाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिमा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
तथाthus, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
FormAvyaya
अभ्यद्रवन्ran towards, charged
अभ्यद्रवन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि+द्रु
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd person, Plural, Parasmaipada
त्वरिताःhastened, swift
त्वरिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्वरित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural (past passive participle used adjectivally)
द्रोणof Drona
द्रोण:
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular (as first member in compound)
अनीकम्army, battle-array
अनीकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनीक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बिभित्सवःwishing to break/pierce
बिभित्सवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबिभित्सु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural (desiderative adjective)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Droṇa
D
Dharma (deity/emblem)
M
Māruta/Vāyu (deity/emblem)
Ś
Śakra/Indra (deity/emblem)
A
Aśvin twins (deities/emblems)
D
Droṇa’s battle-array (Droṇānīka)
B
battle standards/banners (dhvaja)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how arrogance (dṛpti) in an enemy, once checked, becomes a moral and tactical turning point: warriors seize the moment with disciplined resolve, aligning their cause with dharma-symbols on their standards while acting decisively in battle.

Sañjaya describes a sudden charge: after seeing a fiercely hostile, proud opponent defeated, the warriors bearing divine emblems on their banners rush to assault and pierce Droṇa’s formidable battle-array (Droṇānīka).