Shloka 4

वृषकस्य हयान्‌ सूतं धनुश्छत्र॑ रथं ध्वजम्‌ । तिलशो व्यधमत्‌ पार्थ: सौबलस्य शितै: शरै:,तब कुन्तीकुमार अर्जुनने अपने तीखे बाणोंद्वारा सुबलपुत्र वृषकके घोड़ों, सारथि, रथ, धनुष, छत्र और ध्वजाको तिल-तिल करके काट डाला

sañjaya uvāca |

vṛṣakasya hayān sūtaṃ dhanuś chatraṃ rathaṃ dhvajaṃ |

tilāśo vyadhamat pārthaḥ saubalasya śitaiḥ śaraiḥ ||

Sañjaya said: Then Pārtha (Arjuna), with razor-sharp arrows, cut to pieces—bit by bit—the horses, charioteer, chariot, bow, parasol, and banner of Vṛṣaka, the son of Saubala.

वृषकस्यof Vṛṣaka
वृषकस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवृषक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
हयान्horses
हयान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सूतम्charioteer
सूतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसूत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धनुःbow
धनुः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
छत्रम्parasol
छत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootछत्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ध्वजम्banner/standard
ध्वजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तिलशःinto bits; piece by piece
तिलशः:
Karna
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतिलशस्
व्यधमत्he shattered/smashed; he cut to pieces
व्यधमत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootव्यधम् (√ध्मा)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पार्थःPārtha (Arjuna)
पार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सौबलस्यof Saubala (son of Subala)
सौबलस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसौबल
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
शितैःwith sharp
शितैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootशित
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
शरैःarrows
शरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna (Pārtha, Kuntīkumāra)
V
Vṛṣaka (son of Saubala)
S
Saubala (lineage reference)
H
horses
C
charioteer (sūta)
C
chariot (ratha)
B
bow (dhanuḥ)
P
parasol (chatra)
B
banner/standard (dhvaja)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the harsh reality of kṣatriya-dharma in a righteous war: victory often comes by disabling the opponent’s mobility, weapons, and symbols of command. It also reflects the ethical tension of sanctioned violence—skill and decisiveness are praised, yet the destruction is portrayed as severe and consequential.

Sañjaya reports that Arjuna attacks Vṛṣaka (of Saubala’s side) and systematically destroys the key components of his chariot unit—horses, charioteer, chariot, bow, parasol, and banner—rendering him effectively neutralized on the battlefield.