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Shloka 13

रथचिह्नवर्णनम् / Description of Chariot Standards and Allied Advances

अर्दयमाना: शरैरेते रुक्मपुड्खैर्महात्मना । पथा नैकेन गच्छन्ति घूर्णमानास्ततस्तत:,महामना द्रोणके सुवर्णमय पंखयुक्त बाणोंद्वारा पीड़ित होकर ये इधर-उधर चक्कर काटते हुए एक ही मार्गसे नहीं भाग रहे हैं

ardayamānāḥ śarair ete rukmapuṅkhair mahātmanā | pathā naikena gacchanti ghūrṇamānās tatas tataḥ ||

Duryodhana said: “Struck and harassed by the great warrior’s arrows—golden-feathered shafts—these men do not flee by a single clear route. Reeling in confusion, they whirl and scatter here and there.”

अर्दयमानाःtormenting/afflicting
अर्दयमानाः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअर्द् (धातु)
Formशतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त), परस्मैपद-कर्तरि प्रयोग (active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
शरैःwith arrows
शरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
एतेthese (men/warriors)
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
रुक्मपुड्खैःwith gold-feathered (arrows)
रुक्मपुड्खैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootरुक्मपुड्ख
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
महात्मनाby the great-souled (one)
महात्मना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
पथाby/along a path
पथा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपथ
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एकेनby one (single)
एकेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
गच्छन्तिgo/move
गच्छन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथम, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद
घूर्णमानाःwhirling/reeling
घूर्णमानाः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootघूर्ण् (धातु)
Formशतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त), परस्मैपद-कर्तरि प्रयोग (active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
ततःfrom there/then
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
ततःfrom there/then
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
D
Drona
A
arrows (śara)
G
golden-feathered arrows (rukmapuṅkha)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how overwhelming force and superior martial skill can break cohesion and clarity in an army; ethical leadership in war requires steadiness and disciplined order, since panic and disarray quickly multiply suffering.

Duryodhana observes (and laments) that his side’s warriors, struck by the great archer’s golden-feathered arrows—understood in context as Droṇa’s assault—are not retreating in an organized way but are staggering and scattering in many directions.