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Shloka 45

दृष्टवा तु विमुखान्‌ योधान्‌ धृष्टद्युम्नं च पीडितम्‌ । शैनेयोडचोदयत्‌ तूर्ण रथं दौणिरथं प्रति,योद्धाओंको युद्धसे विमुख और धूृष्टद्युम्नको बाणोंसे पीड़ित देख सात्यकिने तुरंत अपना रथ अभ्रत्थामाके रथकी ओर बढ़ाया

dṛṣṭvā tu vimukhān yodhān dhṛṣṭadyumnaṃ ca pīḍitam | śaineyo 'codayat tūrṇaṃ rathaṃ dauṇirathaṃ prati ||

Sañjaya said: Seeing the warriors turning away from the fight and Dhṛṣṭadyumna hard-pressed by arrows, Śaineya (Sātyaki) swiftly urged his chariot forward toward the chariot of Drauṇi (Aśvatthāmā).

दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
विमुखान्turned away
विमुखान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविमुख
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
योधान्warriors
योधान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयोद्धृ (योध)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
धृष्टद्युम्नम्Dhrishtadyumna
धृष्टद्युम्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधृष्टद्युम्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पीडितम्afflicted/pressed (wounded)
पीडितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपीड्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
शैनेयःShaineya (Satyaki)
शैनेयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशैनेय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उदचोदयत्urged/drove on
उदचोदयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootचुद्
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, उद्-
तूर्णम्swiftly
तूर्णम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतूर्ण
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
द्रौणिरथम्the chariot of the son of Drona (Ashvatthaman)
द्रौणिरथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रौणिरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रतिtowards
प्रति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
S
Sātyaki (Śaineya)
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
A
Aśvatthāmā (Drauṇi)
C
chariot (ratha)
W
warriors (yodhāḥ)

Educational Q&A

In the ethics of kṣatriya warfare, a leader must not allow fear or confusion to dissolve the army’s resolve; when allies are overwhelmed and troops falter, decisive action to protect comrades and re-establish order is treated as a dharmic responsibility.

Sātyaki observes Pāṇḍava warriors losing heart and Dhṛṣṭadyumna being severely struck by arrows; he immediately drives his chariot toward Aśvatthāmā (Drauṇi) to engage him directly and relieve the pressure on his side.