Shloka 30

Devanagari script

अयुध्यमानं यस्त्वाजी तथा प्रायगतं मुनिम्‌

Transliteration

ayudhyamānaṃ yastvājī tathā prāyagataṃ munim

Translation

Dhṛṣṭadyumna said: “Whoever, in battle, strikes one who is not fighting, and likewise a sage who has withdrawn from life and is on the verge of death—such an act violates the warrior’s code and stains the cause with unrighteousness.”

Word by Word

• अयुध्यमानम्: not fighting, unresisting
• अयुध्यमानम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युध् (धातु) → युध्यमान (वर्तमान-कृदन्त)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तु: but, indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• आजी: in battle
• आजी: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आजी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• तथा: thus, likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• प्रायगतम्: approached, come near
• प्रायगतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र + आ + गम् (धातु) → प्रायगत (भूतकृदन्त)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• मुनिम्: sage
• मुनिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

धृष्टह्युम्न उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Dhṛṣṭadyumna
• muni (sage)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in war, dharma sets limits: attacking a non-combatant or a renunciant near death is condemned as unrighteous, undermining the moral legitimacy of victory.

What is happening in the narrative?

Dhṛṣṭadyumna articulates a battlefield ethical judgment, criticizing (or warning against) the act of harming someone who is not fighting and, by extension, a sage who has withdrawn from worldly struggle and is approaching death.