Shloka 48

स शब्दस्तुमुल: खं द्यां पृथिवीं च व्यनादयत्‌ । सबने प्रसन्न होकर रणभेरियाँ बजायीं, सहस्रों डंके पीटे, घोड़ोंकी टापों और रथोंके पहियोंसे पीड़ित हुई रणभूमि मानो आर्तनाद करने लगी। वह तुमुल ध्वनि आकाश, अन्तरिक्ष और भूतलको गुँजाने लगी ।। तं शब्दं पाण्डवा: श्रुत्वा पर्जन्यनिनदोपमम्‌

sa śabdas tumulaḥ khaṃ dyāṃ pṛthivīṃ ca vyanādayat | sabne prasanna hokara raṇabheriyāṃ bajāyīṃ, sahasroṃ ḍaṃke pīṭe, ghoṛoṃ kī ṭāpoṃ aur rathoṃ ke pahiyoṃ se pīḍita huī raṇabhūmi māno ārtanāda karane lagī | sa tumula dhvani ākāśa, antarikṣa aur bhūtala ko guṃjāne lagī || taṃ śabdaṃ pāṇḍavāḥ śrutvā parjanya-ninadopamam ||

Sanjaya said: That tumultuous roar resounded through the sky, the heavens, and the earth. With hearts lifted, the warriors sounded the war-drums; thousands of kettledrums were beaten. The battlefield—crushed by the pounding of horses’ hooves and the grinding of chariot wheels—seemed to cry out in pain. That thunderous din made the firmament, the mid-region, and the ground itself reverberate. Hearing that sound, like the rumble of rain-bearing clouds, the Pāṇḍavas took note of the enemy’s martial fervor and the gathering intensity of the conflict.

सःthat (he/it)
सः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शब्दःsound, noise
शब्दः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशब्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुमुलःtumultuous, loud
तुमुलः:
TypeAdjective
Rootतुमुल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
खम्sky
खम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Root
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
द्याम्heaven, the celestial region
द्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्यौ
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पृथिवीम्earth
पृथिवीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
व्यनादयत्made resound, caused to reverberate
व्यनादयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootनद्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, वि, true
तम्that (him/it)
तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शब्दम्sound
शब्दम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशब्द
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पाण्डवाःthe Pandavas
पाण्डवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada
पर्जन्यनिनदोपमम्comparable to the thunder/roar of rain-clouds
पर्जन्यनिनदोपमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर्जन्य-निनद-उपम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
P
Pandavas
W
war-drums (raṇabherī)
K
kettledrums/drums (ḍaṃka)
H
horses
C
chariots
C
chariot wheels
B
battlefield (raṇabhūmi)
S
sky (kha)
H
heaven (dyu/dyām)
M
mid-region (antarikṣa)
E
earth/ground (pṛthivī/bhūtala)
R
rain-clouds/thunder (parjanya-ninada)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the moral gravity of war: collective excitement and martial display can drown the world in noise, yet the earth itself is portrayed as suffering. The imagery implicitly cautions that triumphal fervor carries a cost borne by living beings and the very ground of battle.

Sanjaya reports a massive surge of battle-noise—war-drums and countless drums, along with the pounding of horses and chariots—so intense that it seems to make the sky, mid-air, and earth reverberate. The Pāṇḍavas hear this thunder-like din, signaling the enemy’s readiness and the intensifying clash.