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Shloka 13

तमधर्मेण धर्मिष्ठं धृष्टद्युम्नेन संयुगे । श्रुत्वा निहतमाचार्यम श्वत्थामा किमब्रवीत्‌,उसी अअश्वत्थामाने अपने धर्मिष्ठ पिता आचार्य द्रोणको युद्धमें धृष्टद्युम्नके हाथसे अधर्मपूर्वक मारा गया सुनकर क्या कहा?

tam adharmeṇa dharmiṣṭhaṃ dhṛṣṭadyumnena saṃyuge | śrutvā nihitam ācāryam aśvatthāmā kim abravīt ||

Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: “After hearing that the teacher Droṇa—so steadfast in dharma—had been slain in battle by Dhṛṣṭadyumna through unrighteous means, what did Aśvatthāmā say?”

तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अधर्मेणby unrighteousness / unrighteously
अधर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
धर्मिष्ठम्most righteous
धर्मिष्ठम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मिष्ठ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धृष्टद्युम्नेनby Dhrishtadyumna
धृष्टद्युम्नेन:
Karana
TypeNoun (Proper)
Rootधृष्टद्युम्न
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
संयुगेin battle
संयुगे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंयुग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
निहतम्slain
निहतम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootनि-हन्
FormPast Passive Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Singular
आचार्यम्the teacher (Drona)
आचार्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआचार्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अश्वत्थामाAshvatthama
अश्वत्थामा:
Karta
TypeNoun (Proper)
Rootअश्वत्थामन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said / spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Droṇa (Ācārya Droṇa)
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
A
Aśvatthāmā
S
saṃyuga (battlefield)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the moral rupture between dharma and adharma in war: even a ‘dharmiṣṭha’ teacher can be brought down when ethical boundaries collapse, and the narrative turns to the consequences—especially the son’s response, where grief and perceived injustice can fuel retaliatory adharma.

Dhṛtarāṣṭra asks what Aśvatthāmā said after hearing that his father and preceptor Droṇa was killed in battle by Dhṛṣṭadyumna in an unrighteous manner. The question sets up Aśvatthāmā’s ensuing words and actions in the aftermath of Droṇa’s death.