Shloka 40
Devanagari script
तदुग्रमतिरौद्रं च दृष्टवा युद्ध नराधिप
Transliteration
tad ugramatiraudraṃ ca dṛṣṭvā yuddha narādhipa
Translation
Sañjaya said: O king, having beheld that battle—fierce in intent and terrible in its violence—the warriors were shaken; for such a sight reveals how swiftly wrath and resolve can eclipse restraint and dharma in war.
Word by Word
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उग्रम्fierce
उग्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अतिexceedingly/very
अति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअति
रौद्रम्terrible, wrathful
रौद्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootरौद्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
युद्धेin battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
नराधिपO king (lord of men)
नराधिप:
TypeNoun
Rootनराधिप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaN
narādhipa (the king, i.e., Dhṛtarāṣṭra)Y
yuddha (the battle/war)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse underscores the ethical danger of war: when minds become 'ugra' (fierce) and actions 'raudra' (wrathful), discernment and dharma are easily overwhelmed, reminding rulers to recognize how violence reshapes intention and judgment.
Sañjaya addresses the king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra), describing the battle as intensely fierce and terrifying, setting the emotional and moral tone for the unfolding events on the battlefield.