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Shloka 44

द्रोणपुत्रस्याग्नेयास्त्रप्रयोगः — अर्जुनस्य ब्राह्मास्त्रप्रतिघातः — व्यासोपदेशः

Aśvatthāmā’s Agneyāstra, Arjuna’s Brāhmāstra Counter, and Vyāsa’s Instruction

वर्तमाने तु संग्रामे तस्मिन्‌ वीरवरक्षये । अतीव शुश्रुवे राजन्‌ गाण्डीवस्य महास्वन:

vartamāne tu saṅgrāme tasmin vīravarakṣaye | atīva śuśruve rājan gāṇḍīvasya mahāsvanaḥ ||

Sañjaya said: O King, while that battle was in progress—when the foremost heroes were being cut down—the mighty, far-reaching roar of Gāṇḍīva was heard with overwhelming intensity.

वर्तमानेwhile (it was) going on / in progress
वर्तमाने:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्तमान (वृत् धातु, शतृ-प्रत्यय)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
संग्रामेin the battle
संग्रामे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्राम
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
तस्मिन्in that
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
वीरवरक्षयेin the destruction of the best heroes
वीरवरक्षये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवीरवरक्षय
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
अतीवexceedingly
अतीव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतीव
शुश्रुवेwas heard
शुश्रुवे:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formलिट् (परिपूर्णभूत/परफेक्ट), प्रथम, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन
गाण्डीवस्यof (the bow) Gāṇḍīva
गाण्डीवस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootगाण्डीव
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
महास्वनःthe great sound/roar
महास्वनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहास्वन
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
G
Gāṇḍīva (Arjuna’s bow)
A
Arjuna (implied through Gāṇḍīva)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the inescapable moral gravity of war: even when framed as duty, battle manifests as the ruin of the best among men. The thunder of Gāṇḍīva becomes a narrative sign of decisive action, but it also reminds the listener (the king) that choices and alliances culminate in irreversible loss.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that, amid the ongoing fighting and heavy hero-casualties, the tremendous sound of Arjuna’s bow, Gāṇḍīva, is distinctly heard—indicating Arjuna’s active, forceful presence on the battlefield.