Shloka 33

ततो मद्राधिप: क्रुद्ध/ शरेणानतपर्वणा । आजपघानोरसि दृढं विराट वाहिनीपतिम्‌

tato madrādhipaḥ kruddhaḥ śareṇānataparvaṇā | ājau jaghānorasi dṛḍhaṃ virāṭa-vāhinīpatim ||

Sañjaya said: Then the lord of Madra, enraged, struck the commander of Virāṭa’s forces firmly on the chest in the thick of battle with an arrow whose joints were unbroken.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
FormAvyaya
मद्राधिपःthe king/lord of Madra
मद्राधिपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमद्राधिप (मद्र + अधिप)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्रुद्धःangry
क्रुद्धः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रुध् (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त: क्रुद्ध)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शरेणwith an arrow
शरेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अनतपर्वणाhaving unbent joints/knots (i.e., straight-jointed)
अनतपर्वणा:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनतपर्वन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
आजघानstruck, smote
आजघान:
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (लिट्; आजघान)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
उरसिon the chest
उरसि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootउरस्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
दृढम्firmly, strongly
दृढम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदृढ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular (adverbial use)
विराटवाहिनीपतिम्the commander of Virata's army
विराटवाहिनीपतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविराटवाहिनीपति (विराट + वाहिनी + पति)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
M
Madrādhipa (Śalya)
V
Virāṭa
V
Virāṭa-vāhinīpati (commander of Virāṭa’s forces)
Ś
śara (arrow)
Ā
āja (battlefield)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how anger (krodha) intensifies the destructiveness of war: when leaders act from rage, violence becomes swift and targeted, and the lives of many depend on the fall of key commanders—inviting reflection on self-control and the ethical cost of battle.

Sañjaya reports that Śalya, the king of Madra, in anger shoots a powerful arrow and strikes the commander of Virāṭa’s army squarely on the chest during the fighting.