Shloka 33

Devanagari script

तेन प्रकाशेन दिवं गतेन सम्बोधिता देवगणाश्न राजन्‌

Transliteration

tena prakāśena divaṃ gatena sambodhitā devagaṇāś ca rājan

Translation

Sañjaya said: O King, by that radiance which had risen up to the heavens, the hosts of gods were roused and made aware.

Word by Word

• तेन: by that
• तेन: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• प्रकाशेन: by the light/illumination
• प्रकाशेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रकाश
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• दिवम्: to heaven/sky
• दिवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• गतेन: gone (having gone)
• गतेन: Karana
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• सम्बोधिता: were awakened/roused
• सम्बोधिता: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + बुध्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• देवगणाः: the hosts of gods
• देवगणाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवगण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• न: indeed/also (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Rājan (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
• Devagaṇāḥ (hosts of gods)
• Divaṃ (heaven/sky)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames battlefield events as having cosmic moral weight: when human action becomes extreme, it is portrayed as drawing the notice of divine beings, implying that war and adharma are not merely political but ethically and cosmically consequential.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to the king that a powerful radiance rose up to the heavens, and by that sign the assembled gods were awakened/alerted—indicating a moment of extraordinary intensity on the battlefield.