Shloka 59

Devanagari script

दुर्योधनश्च द्रोणश्व॒ शकुनिर्दुर्मुखो जय:

Transliteration

duryodhanaś ca droṇaśva śakunir durmukho jayaḥ

Translation

Sañjaya said: “Duryodhana, Droṇa, Śakuni, Durmukha, and Jaya (were there).”

Word by Word

• दुर्योधनः: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• द्रोणः: Droṇa
• द्रोणः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• शकुनिः: Śakuni
• शकुनिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शकुनि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दुर्मुखः: Durmukha
• दुर्मुखः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्मुख
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• जयः: Jaya (a proper name) / victory
• जयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Duryodhana
• Droṇa
• Śakuni
• Durmukha
• Jaya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores how war is driven not only by weapons but by alliances and counsel: prominent leaders and advisers gather, and their collective decisions carry moral weight, shaping the dharmic outcome of the conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya is listing notable figures present on the Kaurava side—Duryodhana and leading warriors/advisers like Droṇa and Śakuni—situating the listener within the battlefield context and identifying the principal actors in the unfolding events.