Shloka 43

Devanagari script

पितामहपुरोगाश्च देवा: सिद्धाश्न त॑ं विदु:

Transliteration

pitāmahapurogāś ca devāḥ siddhāś na taṁ viduḥ

Translation

Sañjaya said: Even the gods and the perfected sages—led by the Grandsire—did not truly comprehend him.

Word by Word

• पितामहपुरोगाः: having the Grandsire (Brahmā) in front; led by the Grandsire
• पितामहपुरोगाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पितामहपुरोग (पितामह + पुरोग)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• देवाः: the gods
• देवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सिद्धाः: the Siddhas (perfected beings)
• सिद्धाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिद्ध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• तं: him / that one
• तं: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• विदुः: knew / know
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
• Devas
• Siddhas

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

That even exalted beings (devas and siddhas) may fail to fully grasp a person’s true capacity or destiny; humility in judgment and awareness of the limits of knowledge are implied.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya comments on a figure in the battle context whose nature or prowess is so exceptional that even Bhīṣma and other divine or perfected beings could not fully understand him.