Shloka 22
Devanagari script
ये च विद्यामुपादाय गुरुभ्य: पुरुषाधमा:
Transliteration
ye ca vidyām upādāya gurubhyaḥ puruṣādhamāḥ
Translation
Sañjaya said: “And those basest of men who, having received learning from their teachers…”
Word by Word
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
विद्याम्knowledge
विद्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
उपादायhaving taken/received
उपादाय:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-आ-दा
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
गुरुभ्यःfrom (their) teachers
गुरुभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
पुरुषाधमाःthe vilest of men
पुरुषाधमाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषाधम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
स
संजय (Sañjaya)ग
गुरु (teachers/gurus)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The fragment frames an ethical judgment: receiving knowledge from one’s teachers creates a moral obligation of respect and gratitude; those who violate this duty are condemned as “puruṣādhamāḥ,” the basest of men.
Sañjaya is in the midst of describing or characterizing certain people in the war context, beginning a statement about those who have obtained learning from their gurus; the verse fragment sets up a critique that continues in the following line(s).